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    Exploring Challenges and Strategies for Measuring the Social Impact of Entrepreneurship in Ecuador
    Research conducted in Ecuador reveals that while 27% of entrepreneurs surveyed identified lack of liquidity as their main challenge, another 23% highlighted low sales as a significant obstacle, and 19% pointed to insecurity. These challenges vary markedly between regions such as Pichincha, Guayas, Manabí and Azuay, which complicates the standardization of methods for measuring the social impact of ventures. Through qualitative interviews and quantitative analysis of INEC data, it was observed that less than 40% of entrepreneurs in Pichincha are trained in impact assessment techniques, which contrasts with the need for training and tools adapted to local contexts. This lack of preparation underlines the urgency of developing customized methodologies that allow entrepreneurs and policy makers to better understand and support the sustainable growth of entrepreneurship in each province. The need for adaptation and customization of measurement tools is evident, particularly in provinces where economic and cultural characteristics vary significantly, e.g. in Azuay, where the artisanal sector is preponderant, it would be beneficial to implement measurement systems that consider cultural and community impacts in addition to economic ones, and collaboration between academia, government and non-governmental organizations can provide vital support in the creation of these methodologies, ensuring that they are robust and relevant. By fostering a stronger environment for social impact measurement, supportive policies could be improved, thus contributing to more equitable economic and social development in Ecuador. This study suggests a clear path towards creating a more effective framework for assessing and maximizing the social impact of ventures, opening up opportunities for future research that delves deeper into the interaction between public policies and entrepreneurial practices in different regional settings.
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    AN ASSESSMENT OF CUBAN FOOD SECURITY BASED ON THE AGRICULTURAL AREA UNDER CULTIVATION AND AGRICULTURAL YIELDS
    The research was carried out with official data published in the country, collected from official information sources from 2007 to 2019. In the variables analyzed, the following were considered as having high explanatory power: land distribution, total area, agricultural area, cultivated area, yields of selected crops. For the calculation of the nutritional needs of the population, the nutritional recommendations for the Cuban population were taken into account and the productions were grouped ac-cording to the classification established for the food groups in Cuba. The country’s agricultural area is 6400.18 Mha in 2019, which its use decreases for all the items studied, except for banana, bell pepper, bean, lemon, guava and pump fruit. In addition, yields of the main crops are low, as is the productivity of the livestock sector analyzed. To contribute to the achieve-ment of food security for the Cuban population in correspondence with the standards of the National Institute of Nutrition, an area with technological package (irrigation and optimal yields) of 3942577.82 ha is needed, existing agricultural area in the country; and without technological package (without irrigation), an area of 6424285.82 ha, which are insufficient in 23485 ha. © 2022, University of Cienfuegos, Carlos Rafael Rodriguez. All rights reserved.
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    Optimizing the Laboratory Supply Chain with Clarke and Wright Fuzzy Algorithm
    The implementation of an optimization strategy in a company dedicated to the sale of laboratory equipment and reagents is detailed. Initially, two routes were established with the objective of significantly reducing delivery times and related costs. These routes were designed using linear programming methods, considering elements such as vehicle carrying capacity, time constraints and customer requirements. After defining the routes, they were incorporated into the company’s operations, adjusting the delivery schedule, and allocating the appropriate resources for the execution of the new logistics plan. In addition, a system was implemented to regularly monitor and control the results, allowing necessary adjustments to be made. The implementation of these measures proved successful, reducing delivery time by 321 min, equivalent to 5.35 h, and saving USD 51.54 per kilometer. This led to a substantial improvement in the company’s logistical efficiency and customer satisfaction. It is recommended to maintain weekly monitoring and control of the implementation, evaluating the results periodically. It is also advisable to regularly check the vehicles used in transportation to ensure their optimal condition and guarantee efficiency and safety in deliveries. The possibility of applying this optimization proposal in other companies in the same sector is raised, given that the positive results obtained could be replicable in similar organizations. In conclusion, the application of this optimization proposal in the laboratory material and reagents company has proven to be extremely effective, reducing delivery times and associated costs, while improving operational efficiency and increasing customer satisfaction.
      14  1
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    Technology and E-Learning as Catalysts for Inclusive Community Development in Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship
    This study explores the impact of emerging technologies and e-learning platforms on inclusive community development, despite significant technological advances, marginalized communities often remain disconnected from the benefits of digitization. The main objective is to assess how e-learning tools can facilitate inclusive development and promote social and economic integration. A mixed methodology combining quantitative and qualitative analysis was employed to assess the impact of e-learning technologies on marginalized communities. The primary endpoint was improved accessibility and quality of education, as measured by student participation and satisfaction. The analysis revealed that 76% of participants experienced a significant improvement in access to educational resources, while 69% reported an increase in satisfaction with the learning opportunities available. However, challenges included the need for more technological infrastructure and training in digital skills. This empowering effect is crucial for community development, as it empowers individuals within their own environments. Together, it was noted that the effective use of ICTs for development is highly dependent on local adaptation of tools and programs, underscoring the importance of personalized and community-based approaches to educational technology implementation. It is concluded that e-learning platforms are effective tools for promoting inclusive community development, especially in marginalized areas. It is essential to address infrastructural and capacity building barriers to maximize their effectiveness. Further research should focus on customized strategies that address the specific needs of different communities to facilitate more effective technological integration, ensuring that the benefits of technological development reach all segments of society. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
      6
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    Integrating Virtual Educational Environments and Social Networks in Learning Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation: A Personal Experience
    In a global context where social challenges are intensifying, technological innovation in social entrepreneurship is an essential tool to catalyze positive change. This study set out to assess how the integration of advanced technologies can enhance the impact and sustainability of social projects. In this research meticulously designed to ensure replicability, we adopted a qualitative approach, delving into personal experiences and their interaction with consolidated theories of social entrepreneurship and innovation. We used content analysis and case studies, along with workshops and semi-structured interviews to explore the applicability of these theories in practice. The sample included 150 social entrepreneurs and 50 academics, selected to reflect recent and relevant experiences. The main methods of assessment covered the effectiveness of the theories in solving concrete problems and their ability to foster collaboration and sustainability of the projects. The main assessment criterion was the applicability of these theories in real contexts, mainly evaluating how they influence the effectiveness, collaboration and sustainability of the projects. The results indicate that the integration of technologies improves the perception of social impact by 40% and the sustainability of projects by 50%, with a 30% increase in community collaboration and a 45% increase in the efficiency of interventions. The research confirms that technological innovation not only strengthens the social and economic impact of ventures, but also promotes deeper and more effective collaboration among stakeholders. This underscores the need to integrate modern technological solutions to effectively address social challenges, suggesting a more integrated and community-supported approach to future social entrepreneurship research and practice. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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    Computerized Planning of Surface Ratios in a Milk Extraction Plant
    The research is carried out on the milk extraction process of a farm that has been showing a decrease in monthly income, negatively affecting profits, the economic deficit is affected by the milk sales price of 0.32 dollars per liter being lower than that of competitors, the lack of real historical data on the amount of milk extracted, losing control of expenses, and that the plant is not suitable for the process of extraction and storage of milk, causing the milk to be sold at times at 0.29 dollars per liter. There are multinationals that have submitted proposals for the purchase of the milk product; to close these contracts they ask for compliance with the technical standard: Guide of good practices for milk production, technical resolution No. 0217 fifth revision. 0217 fifth revision, was applied as a solution the systematic planning of the plant layout (SLP) using a methodology based on the application of the Relationship Diagram in CORELAP software, and the Method of the Elimination of the double sense of movements, selecting the second alternative, in addition, A mechanical milk extraction equipment is implemented with a milking capacity of 50 cows in 10 500 s, this is achieved by milking two cows at the same rhythm, the production time is reduced by 75% going from 55827 s to 13950 s, with this time 127 Lt are increased in the daily extraction going from 1373 Lt to 1500 Lt, and the personnel requirement is reduced from 5 to 3 operators. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Supply Chain Optimization Through Collaborative Technologies in Industrial Engineering
    Technological integration in logistics processes has become a current challenge for the manufacturing industry. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of collaborative technologies on logistics indicators, focusing on variables such as interoperability and the use of digital platforms. To achieve this purpose, a quantitative approach with a correlational design was employed, using logistics efficiency as the main evaluation criterion. Five manufacturing companies were analyzed, assessing variables such as cycle time, delivery punctuality, and inventory. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the level of interoperability (β = 0.62, p = 0.001) and the frequency of use of collaborative platforms (β = 0.48, p = 0.005) were the most impactful factors. Companies with high integration showed a 40% reduction in cycle time and a 13% increase in on-time deliveries. These findings show that not only is technological adoption crucial but so is its effective and collaborative integration. The importance of promoting an organizational culture oriented toward digital transformation is highlighted, as well as policies that encourage continuous training and systematic use of interoperable digital tools. Furthermore, the results suggest that technological integration can act as a catalyst for improving interdepartmental coordination and real-time supply chain visibility. These benefits contribute not only to greater operational efficiency but also to a higher adaptability in changing and demanding environments. This research provides useful empirical evidence for strategic decision-making in companies seeking to optimize their logistics performance through technological solutions. In conclusion, it is confirmed that a well-structured strategy of collaborative technological integration significantly improves logistics efficiency, which has important implications for the digital transformation of the industrial sector and its long-term competitiveness. Future studies could expand the scope to other sectors and consider additional organizational variables. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
      10
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    Navigating the Health Care Transition for Migrant Women in the Andean Diaspora with Challenges and Solutions
    The study focuses on the integration of migrant women in Andean public health systems, highlighting the persistent challenges despite recent legislative and programmatic advances; through a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews, content analysis and case studies, it addresses the cultural, linguistic and structural barriers that still limit the effective access of these women to essential health services. Communication and cultural barriers were identified as the main obstacles faced by these women, significantly affecting the quality of medical care received. The analysis reveals that approximately 85% of migrant women report difficulties in communicating with health personnel, which highlights the need to implement translation services and cultural competency training programs. In addition, it is noted that interventions that integrate cultural and linguistic considerations show a 40% improvement in the effectiveness of medical care. Seventy percent of health professionals recognize resource shortages as a critical constraint to effective service delivery, indicating a significant gap in the health infrastructure that needs to be addressed to improve accessibility and quality of health care. The researchers propose a more holistic and culturally adaptive approach to policy formulation could significantly improve the accessibility and quality of healthcare offered to migrant women. This would include improving coordination between mental and physical health services and implementing more inclusive policies that consider the specific needs of migrant women. The research emphasizes the importance of incorporating multidisciplinary perspectives that address both mental and physical health, as these aspects are deeply interconnected and significantly affect women’s ability to integrate into new social and economic environments. It is stressed that, to improve the health situation of migrant women, it is crucial that future public health programs and policies incorporate a targeted and specialized approach that is sensitive to the cultural and linguistic differences that characterize this population. This will not only facilitate better integration of migrants into health systems but will also contribute to their well-being and overall public health
      10
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    Integration of Information Technologies for Smart and Sustainable Management of Personal Protective Equipment Warehouses
    The management of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) warehouses in sectors such as mining is crucial to ensuring safety and operational efficiency, although challenges persist in developing countries such as Ecuador due to a lack of automation and manual processes. This study aimed to analyze the impact of digitization through technologies such as barcode readers and inventory software on PPE logistics management in an Ecuadorian mining company. A mixed approach was used, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, with a descriptive cross-sectional design, collecting data through interviews, observation, and documentary records, and evaluating inventory accuracy, traceability, and automation before and after the intervention. The results showed an increase in inventory accuracy from 82% to 98.7% and traceability improved to nearly 95%, in addition to a 40% reduction in delivery and replenishment times and 15% operational savings (This percentage corresponds mainly to the reduction in costs associated with labor and logistics resources, not including the initial costs of implementing the software). Acceptance of the new system was high, with ratings above 4.5 for ease of use and error reduction. The main conclusion is that digitization in PPE warehouse management significantly optimizes logistics efficiency, improves traceability, and reduces occupational risks, demonstrating its viability and benefits in the Ecuadorian context. These findings support technological modernization in similar sectors and lay the groundwork for future research that delves deeper into indicators such as service quality, staff satisfaction, and budget efficiency, thereby contributing to strengthening occupational safety and operational sustainability in critical industries. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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    Strategies to Produce Environmentally Friendly Cleaning Supplies for Tourism in the Galapagos Archipelago
    The implementation of disinfectants in the Galapagos Islands requires a meticulous and thoughtful approach, given the ecological sensitivity of this protected area. Disinfectants must be biodegradable and non-toxic to preserve the unique terrestrial and marine biodiversity of the islands. Their effectiveness against a variety of pathogens is critical to protect public health, but this must not compromise the integrity of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Adherence to strict environmental regulations and the provision of clear information on their use are imperative to ensure that their application is both safe and responsible. Maintaining this delicate balance between the protection of human health and the conservation of the unique ecosystem of the Galapagos Islands is crucial, and the disinfectants used play a key role in this effort. The microenterprise under study is dedicated to the manufacture of cleaning products such as disinfectants, liquid soap, and fabric softener for the hotel sector on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos Archipelago; 8 years ago, due to external factors on the island, the company presented an increase in sales, resulting in inefficiency in the manufacturing process due to lack of capacity, the physical space where it processes was not designed for this business as it is located within the property of the owner of the company, for this reason the 30 m2 that are currently used do not have inventory areas of raw materials, material in process and finished products, which can meet the current demand for production. By using manual processes for the manufacture of the products, the transformation time varies between 1 and 2 days for each reference, which delays delivery times, creating failures that contribute to the non-fulfillment of orders. By diagnosing the mixing and packaging operations that directly influence the failure to deliver products to the final customer, an improvement proposal is made to take advantage of the capacity of the areas [1], reduce waste and minimize the ergonomic risks of the current production line to increase its productivity and satisfy the demand of its customers
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