Facultad de Ingenierías

Parent Organisation

Universidad Indoamérica

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Robotics in higher education and its impact on digital learning
(2025)
Zamora Lascano, Patrick
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Lozada, Alan
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Buele, Jorge
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Avilés-Castillo, Fátima
In recent years, robotics has transformed various industrial processes but has also influenced teaching methodologies. Although there are literature reviews on its application in professional training, many are outdated or lack a current focus on its impact in higher education. Addressing this gap, the present mini review examines the impact, challenges, and opportunities of this technology in the university setting. To this end, a search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, APA PsycNet, and Web of Science databases, selecting 11 studies that addressed diverse applications of robotics, including educational robotics, robotic telepresence, human-robot interaction, and artificial intelligence applications. Their effects on teaching, the factors influencing their adoption, and the strategies used to optimize their implementation were analyzed. The findings show that educational robotics enhances student motivation and engagement, with prediction models reaching an accuracy of 98.78% in assessing academic engagement. Additionally, robotic telepresence emerges as an effective alternative for hybrid education, and social robots and AI-based tutors demonstrated their potential to personalize learning. However, methodological and structural challenges persist, such as the need to develop more accurate evaluation metrics and ensure accessibility and educational equity. Future research should focus on improving these aspects, enabling more efficient integration to enhance teaching processes. This study was registered in the Open Science Framework under the code: 10.17605/OSF.IO/KHDTU.
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IoT Monitoring to Control a Bicycle Parking Lot
(2022)
Ruales, María Belén
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Lara-Alvarez P.
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Riba C.
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Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio
In recent years, the development of new technologies has improved the management of resources and services at the urban level. In this sense, several cities worldwide have developed intelligent infrastructures such as Smart Cities in which, through data collection and management, they aim to achieve social, environmental and economic improvements. Innovative bike racks are a promising solution to traffic-related problems in major cities around the world; however, there is a lack of low-cost solutions for controlling and monitoring bike racks and thus boosting the mobility of cyclists. This paper presents a system to monitor and control a bicycle parking lot. In order to achieve this goal, software and hardware specifications were defined and characterised by the control system. The conceptual design and detail of the prototype and the materialisation proceeded, where technology with ESP8266 microcontrollers and Raspberry Pi+Ethernet/WiFi microprocessors was used in the MQTT communication protocol to implement its architecture. The system implements in the bicycle parking lot of the Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica. The series of data collected allowed for determining the frequency of use. With this, a database creates where the information on the frequency of use of bicycles is stored. Finally, through a mobile application, the availability of parking spaces can be consulted, and bikes in the parking lot can monitor. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Study of the Influence of Anthropogenic Sources on the Water Quality of the Ambato River, Tungurahua - Ecuador. A Growing Environmental Problem
(2022)
Pérez Aldas L.V.
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Guachamin Zambrano S.N.
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Acurio Arcos L.P.
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Robalino Martínez D.
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Fuentes E.M.
The objective of this research was to establish the effect of anthropogenic sources on the degree of contamination in five points of the middle and lower basin of the Ambato River, in the province of Tungurahua (Ecuador), by determining ten physicochemical parameters following the Manual of Standard Methods for Water and Wastewater Analysis and Determination of Water Quality Index (WQI) from the National Sanitation Foundation NSF. The tests were structured in a replicated double division design, taking a sample for each sampling point, dividing them into two subsamples, which later are going to be four times replicated, 20 water samples were collected along the middle and lower basin of the river in two sampling campaigns. Of all the parameters tested, at least four parameters are within the permissible limit, temperature, turbidity, biological oxygen demand, and dissolved solids; while dissolved oxygen, suspended and total solids, hydrogen potential, chemical oxygen demand, and surfactants surpassed the permissible limits under the Ecuadorian law present at the “Environmental Quality and Water Resource Discharge Standard Book VI Annex 1” (TULSMA), according to the WQI, it was fair and foul along the river regarding the water quality. The results showed that untreated industrial wastewater and domestic waste discharged into the river are the main causes of environmental risk. Also, they affect the populations near the river since they use this water as a source for irrigation of their crops, becoming a health risk for consumers of the grown products irrigated with this water along the riverside. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROPERTY RIGHTS OF AUTHORS OF MUSICAL WORKS AND THEIR COLLECTIVE MANAGEMENT IN ECUADOR AND SPAIN
(2022)
Tocoronte, E.M.
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Álvarez Sánchez, Ana
This article deals with the essential elements that intervene with the ability to understand, from the different text typologies in the teaching-learning process of the Castilian language, based on theory, as well as Colombian normative documents, which as a whole and based on the Political Constitution of 1991, must guarantee an inclusive education, where the social and cultural environment of the individuals must be taken into account in order to develop a meaningful and contextualized pedago-gical practice. Throughout the writing, the teaching-learning process is related with the formation of the ability to understand, from different text typologies, as a dynamic element of this process in the third grade students of Basic Primary Education. © 2022, University of Cienfuegos, Carlos Rafael Rodriguez. All rights reserved.
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Learning Through Play: Implementing an Educational Escape Room for Teaching Traditions and Culture
(2025)
Valencia-Aragón, Kevin
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Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio
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Zapata, Mireya
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Luis Aguirre-Morales
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Sandra Sanchez-Gordon
This study explores the implementation of an educational Escape Room as a pedagogical strategy to teach tangible cultural heritage to students in Ecuador. This Escape Room was designed using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) and integrated into the basic education curriculum for Ecuadorian schools. The primary objective was to enhance students’ engagement and understanding of Ecuador’s cultural heritage through an interactive and gamified learning experience. The Escape Room was structured around five missions, each focusing on different aspects of the cultural heritage of five parishes in Ecuador. Students were required to solve puzzles, answer questions, and complete challenges to progress through the game. The results of the implementation, evaluated through observation and student feedback, indicated a high level of student engagement, improved problem-solving skills, and a deeper appreciation for Ecuador’s cultural heritage. The study concludes that Escape Rooms can be an effective tool for teaching cultural heritage, fostering teamwork, creativity, and critical thinking among students. This innovative approach not only makes learning more dynamic and enjoyable but also aligns with modern educational trends that emphasize active and experiential learning.
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User Experience in Virtual Reality (VR) Applications for Elderly People with Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Scoping Review
(2024)
Buele, Jorge
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Avilés-Castillo, Fátima
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Guillermo Palacios-Navarro
Background: In recent years, Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool to improve the well-being and functional capabilities of older adults. Although VR applications have shown positive results, their impact on user experience and therapeutic outcomes still needs to be evaluated. Objective: This scoping review aims to analyze existing studies on VR use in older adults with neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on the factors that influence usability, satisfaction, and immersion, as well as the effects on emotional and cognitive well-being. Materials and Methods: Empirical studies in English were included on VR applications applied to older adults with cognitive impairment without study design restrictions. The search was conducted in IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, identifying a total of 650 initial results. After screening, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Immersive VR tends to generate a greater sense of presence, which contributes to improving emotional well-being and reducing neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as apathy and depression. However, its impact on cognitive functions, including memory and executive skills, varied depending on the level of immersion and participant characteristics. Despite these positive findings, significant heterogeneity was evident in study designs, measurement instruments, and user experience indicators. Conclusion: Virtual environments have great potential as a therapeutic tool for older adults, but their success depends on the personalization of applications and the adaptation of technology to the specific needs of this population. Future research should focus on developing standardized protocols, incorporating adaptive technologies such as artificial intelligence, and evaluating the long-term effects of VR to maximize its benefits and minimize its risks. This review was registered in Open Science Framework (OSF). Registration Number: 10.17605/OSF.IO/PNU36
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U-Net Models for Breast Cancer Detection: Improving Diagnostic Accuracy and Specificity
(2024)
Dayanara Yánez-Arcos
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Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio
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Elena Blanco-Romero
Breast cancer remains a critical global health issue, necessitating continuous research and innovative approaches for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. This study evaluates the effectiveness of U -Net models in enhancing diagnostic precision and efficiency using real hospital samples. We aim to improve key diagnostic metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity through the application of U-Net models. Our image classification model, tailored for 256 × 256 × 3 input images, excels in detecting and categorizing tumor cells. The architecture begins with initial convolutional layers featuring 64 filters, progresses to layers with 128 filters, and includes a Dropout layer to prevent overfitting. The deep network for object detection utilizes both region proposal and regression/classification approaches, achieving 92.27% confidence and 100% accuracy. Additionally, our deep learning algorithms accurately segment nuclei in histopathological images, employing a clustering strategy that delivers 88.81% confidence and 100% accuracy. Visual results demonstrate precise tumor cell localization and prediction confidence. Performance metrics from ten experimental runs indicate average confidence levels between 74.19% and 92.31%, with 90.0% accuracy and specificity in benign analysis. The model's ability to classify non-carcinomas versus carcinomas achieved an AUC of 0.78, illustrating its effective differentiation between classes.
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Audio-tactile rendering: A review on technology and methods to convey musical information through the sense of touch
(2021)
Remache-Vinueza B.
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Trujillo-León A.
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Zapata M.
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armiento-Ortiz F.
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Vidal-Verdú F.
Tactile rendering has been implemented in digital musical instruments (DMIs) to offer the musician haptic feedback that enhances his/her music playing experience. Recently, this implementation has expanded to the development of sensory substitution systems known as haptic music players (HMPs) to give the opportunity of experiencing music through touch to the hearing impaired. These devices may also be conceived as vibrotactile music players to enrich music listening activities. In this review, technology and methods to render musical information by means of vibrotactile stimuli are systematically studied. The methodology used to find out relevant literature is first outlined, and a preliminary classification of musical haptics is proposed. A comparison between different technologies and methods for vibrotactile rendering is performed to later organize the information according to the type of HMP. Limitations and advantages are highlighted to find out opportunities for future research. Likewise, methods for music audio-tactile rendering (ATR) are analyzed and, finally, strategies to compose for the sense of touch are summarized. This review is intended for researchers in the fields of haptics, assistive technologies, music, psychology, and human–computer interaction as well as artists that may make use of it as a reference to develop upcoming research on HMPs and ATR. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Scopus© Citations 26 41
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VPD Monitoring with ESP32 and Flask API for Early Detection of Powdery Mildew in Rose Greenhouses
(2026)
Herrera, Vicente-D.
In this study, a vapor pressure deficit (VPD) monitoring system was developed using an ESP32 and a Flask-based API for the early detection of powdery mildew in rose greenhouses. The research demonstrated that the integration of intelligent systems and real-time analysis of environmental conditions allows for the rapid identification of factors that favor the development of powdery mildew. The SVM model employed achieved high accuracy, with a classification accuracy rate of 96% in identifying conditions conducive to this disease, which is crucial for reducing unnecessary interventions and optimizing resource management in greenhouses. Additionally, the use of an API facilitates the integration of the system with other management platforms, enhancing data accessibility and decision-making. This approach promotes more responsible agricultural practices aligned with environmental sustainability. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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Maneuvers Under Estimation of Human Postures for Autonomous Navigation of Robot KUKA YouBot
(2021)
Gordón C.
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Barahona S.
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Cumbajín M.
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Encalada P.
We present the successful demonstration of the Autonomous navigation based on maneuvers under certain human positions for an omnidirectional KUKA YouBot robot. The integration of human posture detection and navigation capabilities in the robot was successfully accomplished thanks to the integration of the Robotic Operating System (ROS) and working environments of open source library of computer vision (OpenCV). The robotic operating system allows the implementation of algorithms on real time and simulated platforms, the open source library of computer vision allows the recognition of human posture signals through the use of the Faster R-CNN (regions with convolutional neural networks) deep learning approach, which for its application in OpenCV is translated to SURF (speeded up robust features), which is one of the most used algorithms for extracting points of interest in image recognition. The main contribution of this work is that the Estimation of Human Postures is a promise method in order to provide intelligence in Autonomous Navigation of Robot KUKA YouBot due to the fact that the Robot learn from the human postures and it is capable of perform a desired task during the execution of navigation or any other activity. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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