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    Decision-Making and Operational Research Methods: A Theoretical-Cognitive Approach Personal Experience
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026) ; ;
    Guerrero-Aldana, Andy Nicolás
    This article examines the relationship between decision-making and operations research methods, focusing on their evolution and application in complex environments. The main objective is to analyze how tools such as linear programming, simulation, and queue theory optimize resources and improve efficiency through the incorporation of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and predictive analytics. These methods have been essential in solving problems across various sectors such as manufacturing, transportation, and services. Interviews with 50 participants, including academics and students, were used to assess the effectiveness of various operational methods in decision-making. The primary criterion was efficiency and improvement in the results obtained, while secondary results included the perception of flexibility and practical applicability of the methods. Simulation emerged as the most efficient approach, with a 22% improvement over other methods. Simulation methods proved to be the most effective, improving results by 22% compared to other approaches like integer and nonlinear programming. Participants highly valued practical and flexible methods, such as simulation, due to their ability to adapt to different contexts and situations. Additionally, the ease of implementation and time savings in decision-making were key factors in their preference. The study confirms that simulation is a key tool in decision-making in complex operational environments, providing superior results in efficiency. This suggests that, for future research, further exploration of the integration of practical and flexible methods like simulation, along with the exploration of their potential in combination with emerging technologies, is needed to optimize real-time decision-making processes. It is also recommended to evaluate their implementation in other sectors beyond those analyzed in this study, such as healthcare and public management. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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    Green Technology in Tourism with Projections and Opportunities from Sustainable Banking
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026) ; ;
    Martínez-Tocoronte, Eric
    ;
    Casanovas-Cosío, Enrique
    Sustainable tourism is one of the main trends in the global industry, promoting practices that minimize environmental impact and encourage responsible economic development. One of the most significant barriers to the adoption of green technologies in the tourism sector is limited access to financing. In response to this need, several financial institutions have developed sustainability-focused products designed to encourage investments in green infrastructure, energy efficiency and natural resource conservation. This study analyzes a green financial product whose purpose is to support companies and entrepreneurs in the tourism sector in the adoption of sustainable practices. Given its short time in operation, there is no history of its long-term behavior, so forecasting models were applied to estimate growth until 2026, using advanced statistical methodologies. The analysis began with a short-term prediction approach using time series models, determining that the weighted moving average method with Microsoft Excel’s SOLVER tool was the most appropriate, obtaining an average absolute deviation of 173 accounts; subsequently, statistical modeling techniques were applied in Minitab and SPSS software, simulating different regression models, both linear and non-linear. The exponential regression model was found to be the most accurate, with a confidence level of 73.8%, projecting a growth of 470.79% in January 2024 compared to the actual demand in January 2023. The results demonstrate the positive impact of financial incentives in the promotion of sustainable tourism, facilitating access to resources for tourism operators seeking to reduce their environmental footprint, implement renewable energies and improve waste management. Green finance becomes a key tool for the transition to a more responsible and resilient tourism model. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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    Impact of the Integration of Digital Channels on Customer Service in Apparel Stores
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026) ; ;
    Hidalgo-Potosí, Daniela Alejandra
    This study aims to evaluate the impact of integrating digital channels and social networks on customer service in the clothing retail sector. A descriptive and correlational design was used with a random sample of 300 consumers who had interacted with the stores through digital channels in the last six months. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire that assessed customer profile, interaction on digital channels, and customer satisfaction. Descriptive and correlational analyses were performed using statistical software, with the primary evaluation criterion being customer satisfaction, measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The results show that the integration of digital channels increases the satisfaction of very satisfied customers by 26.7%, and 40% of the surveyed consumers expressed a greater willingness to repeat purchases. The correlational analysis revealed a moderate positive relationship (r = 0.56, p < 0.01) between the integration of digital channels and customer satisfaction. Additionally, a reduction in the variability of response times was observed after integration, indicating greater consistency and efficiency in customer service. The questionnaire demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.84, which ensures the reliability of the measurements. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the digitalization of customer service in the clothing retail sector significantly improves consumer satisfaction and loyalty, supporting the need for companies to continue innovating in their customer service strategies to maintain a competitive advantage in an increasingly demanding market. These findings have important implications for future research, which could delve deeper into the analysis of the long-term impact of automation on customer relationships and the development of artificial intelligence algorithms that further optimize digital service. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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    Digitalization to Improve Efficiency and Traceability in Personal Protective Equipment Warehouses
    Efficient management of industrial warehouses remains a recurring challenge in sectors that rely on strict control of critical supplies, such as personal protective equipment, where manual processes continue to limit inventory accuracy, traceability, and operational responsiveness. In this context, digitalization emerges as a key mechanism for optimizing logistics flows and reducing risks associated with errors in materials management. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing information technologies on the efficiency and traceability of a personal protective equipment warehouse, identifying the operational benefits derived from the automation of recording, control, and tracking processes. A descriptive mixed-methods design was developed, combining direct observation, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis with quantitative measurements taken before and after the technological intervention. The strategy included the incorporation of inventory software, electronic code readers, and digitalized protocols for receiving, dispatching, and replenishment. The primary outcome measure was inventory accuracy, while secondary criteria included traceability, internal request response time, and the reduction of human errors in material registration. Digitalization significantly increased inventory accuracy, showing substantial improvements in the correspondence between physical stock and recorded stock. In addition, traceability demonstrated notable progress by enabling real-time identification of the location and status of supplies, while dispatch and replenishment times were considerably reduced due to the automation of search and verification procedures. Errors associated with duplicated or incomplete records decreased noticeably following digital standardization. In conclusion, the integration of information technologies proved to be an effective tool for improving logistics efficiency and strengthening operational control in personal protective equipment warehouses, confirming the relevance of its adoption in industrial environments seeking to optimize resources, minimize risks, and move toward sustainable management models. These results open the door for future research aimed at analyzing staff satisfaction, budgetary performance, and the scalability of these solutions in larger and more complex organizations. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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    Design of a Semi-automatic Dough Mixer for the Prevention of Occupational Diseases in Marzipan Artisans
    Older people, due to the natural aging process, are particularly vulnerable to occupational tasks, as they experience a gradual loss of physical capacities, which increases the incidence of occupational diseases in this population. Despite these challenges, their experience and skills acquired over the years make them a valuable resource for society. This study focuses on designing a semi-automatic dough sheeter for the dough making process used by the artisans of Calderón in Ecuador, who currently carry out this work manually, this practice being an integral part of the local culture. The research began with a detailed analysis of modern manual molders, collecting data on shear force, bending moment, and tensile stress, which are fundamental to the design. Subsequently, a simulation of the design was carried out using SolidWorks software. The result was the creation of a prototype kneading machine equipped with AISI 1050 steel rollers, processed by HR. This device was able to significantly reduce repetitive hand movements, reducing the effort during the kneading process by 25,000 TMU, which translates into improved health and work performance for the artisans. The implementation of this technology reduced the risk of occupational diseases such as bursitis, which is caused by inflammation of the bursae in the joints, and carpal tunnel syndrome, which affects the functionality of the hands. In addition to the physical benefits, this project also addresses the psychological aspect, as many older craftsmen and women feel demotivated due to their diminished ability to perform tasks they used to do in their youth. The research aims to provide a better quality of life for these workers, protecting both their physical health and emotional well-being. In short, the semi-automatic laminator not only improves the working conditions of the Calderon artisans but also preserves and promotes an important cultural tradition, ensuring that these valuable knowledge and skills can continue to be practiced in a safe and sustainable manner.
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    Ancestral Gastronomic Knowledge: A Key to Boost Tourism in Ecuador
    (2025) ;
    Alisson Doménica Espinosa-Rueda
    ;
    Globalization has had a significant impact on local cultures around the world, especially evident in Ecuador, where the rich tapestry of traditional gastronomy plays a crucial role in defining the nation’s identity; as the world becomes more interconnected, Ecuador’s younger generation, like their counterparts in many developing countries, is increasingly leaning toward foreign cuisines, often perceived as more modern or trendy. This shift not only neglects the diverse culinary heritage specific to various Ecuadorian regions, but also undermines the potential of traditional foods to attract tourists seeking authentic experiences. Ecuadorian gastronomy, with its unique flavors and textures, offers a window into the country’s cultural practices and history, making it an integral part of the tourism industry, but the gradual loss of this culinary heritage as local preferences evolve poses a threat not only to cultural identity, but also to the economic benefits derived from gastronomic tourism. Using the literature review method, this study collected and analyzed data from various documents highlighting the importance of local cuisine to the tourism sector. The results underline the need to strategically focus on revitalizing and promoting traditional Ecuadorian dishes to counter the influence of global food trends; also, the research delved into the reasons for young people’s inclination toward foreign cultures, suggesting a disconnection with their own cultural roots. It critically examined how this distancing could be reversed by fostering a deeper appreciation and understanding of local traditions. By promoting a reconnection with their gastronomic past, Ecuadorians can leverage their rich culinary heritage as a key asset to boost tourism. This not only enhances the authenticity and attractiveness of the tourism experience, but also supports local economies. Ultimately, the study confirms that preserving and celebrating ancestral gastronomy can play a critical role in sustaining tourism and maintaining cultural identity in the face of globalization.
      54
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    AN ASSESSMENT OF CUBAN FOOD SECURITY BASED ON THE AGRICULTURAL AREA UNDER CULTIVATION AND AGRICULTURAL YIELDS
    The research was carried out with official data published in the country, collected from official information sources from 2007 to 2019. In the variables analyzed, the following were considered as having high explanatory power: land distribution, total area, agricultural area, cultivated area, yields of selected crops. For the calculation of the nutritional needs of the population, the nutritional recommendations for the Cuban population were taken into account and the productions were grouped ac-cording to the classification established for the food groups in Cuba. The country’s agricultural area is 6400.18 Mha in 2019, which its use decreases for all the items studied, except for banana, bell pepper, bean, lemon, guava and pump fruit. In addition, yields of the main crops are low, as is the productivity of the livestock sector analyzed. To contribute to the achieve-ment of food security for the Cuban population in correspondence with the standards of the National Institute of Nutrition, an area with technological package (irrigation and optimal yields) of 3942577.82 ha is needed, existing agricultural area in the country; and without technological package (without irrigation), an area of 6424285.82 ha, which are insufficient in 23485 ha. © 2022, University of Cienfuegos, Carlos Rafael Rodriguez. All rights reserved.
      24
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    Natural Language Processing Applied to Emotion Analysis for Continuous Improvement in Industrial Environments
    The objective of this study was to analyze emotions expressed in natural language within Ecuadorian industrial environments using natural language processing (NLP) techniques. A sample of 150 anonymized texts was used, extracted from workplace climate surveys, satisfaction forms, operational reports, and digital suggestion boxes from companies in the manufacturing, food, logistics, health, education, and technology sectors. The texts were processed with an NLP pipeline using the spaCy library for cleaning, tokenization, and lemmatization, and semantically represented pre-trained models such as multilingual BERT and Emotion BERT. Supervised classification identified six emotions: joy, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and neutrality. Statistical analysis revealed that the most frequent emotion was neutrality (34% of the total), followed by joy (21%), sadness (18%), anger (12%), fear (10%), and surprise (5%). At the sectoral level, logistics was the sector with the highest proportion of joy (28%), followed by food (24%) and manufacturing (12%). Manufacturing, on the other hand, had the highest proportions of sadness (20%) and anger (18%). The temporal analysis of positive sentiment between January and June 2025 showed a sustained increase in the technology sector, which rose from 62% to 77%. The healthcare sector showed an oscillating curve, falling from 58% to 56% in March and recovering to 63% in June. Education showed a cyclical pattern between 49% and 54%, related to its institutional calendar. In contrast, manufacturing remained stable but low, fluctuating between 40% and 42%. These results show that PLN allows us to capture structural emotional differences between sectors, and that these emotions can be correlated with internal dynamics of recognition, workload, or participation. It is concluded that automated emotional analysis is a useful tool for monitoring the organizational climate, anticipating psychosocial risks, and designing tailored intervention strategies. Its systematic application is recommended in organizations with digitized internal communication structures, especially in sectors with high turnover or emotional vulnerability. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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    Software and Methods Applied in the Standardization of the Grinding Process for Automobile Engines as a Business Solution
    When the research addresses the problem of empirical engine rectification based exclusively on the experience of the workers, which results in nonconformities on the part of the customers due to delays in delivery times. To solve this, it was proposed to standardize the operation cycles using the Stop and Observe Method. Through techniques such as direct observation, time studies and process diagrams, the grinding process was analyzed in detail. The data collected were compared with the Crystal Ball program, demonstrating consistency with 95% confidence. It was determined that the time required to rectify an engine was 27.23 days, with supplements affecting 4.8 h of an 8-h workday. The investigation proposed improvements, including the implementation of a hydraulic scissor table to reduce the physical strain on the operators and the introduction of hearing protection. This resulted in a noise reduction from 30 dB to 15 dB, exceeding the regulations of Executive Decree 2393. With these measures, the total grinding time was reduced to 26 days, representing an efficiency gain of 639.15 min or 10.65 h. This standardization not only improves the efficiency of the process, but also allows for more accurate communication with the customer on delivery times, increasing customer satisfaction.
      29  1
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    Sustainable Tourism in Cotacachi Canton, Ecuador
    (2025) ;
    Camila Terán-Robayo
    ;
    Nicole Alejandra Revelo-Bossano
    ;
    This study examines the development and perception of sustainable tourism in Cotacachi, a region known for its rich biodiversity and indigenous culture in the province of Imbabura, Ecuador. Despite its potential for ecotourism, our survey results indicate that 66.7% of respondents are unaware of the concept of sustainable tourism and 63.3% have never participated in related activities, highlighting a notable lack of awareness and participation in sustainable practices. The research included a quantitative analysis using online surveys targeting 30 respondents, revealing that only 33.3% are familiar with sustainable tourism. Furthermore, although 50% of participants recognize the importance of these practices, there is a significant discrepancy in the perception of their relevance, suggesting a divide in the understanding and appreciation of sustainable tourism. The results highlight the need for intensive educational programs that not only promote awareness of sustainability but also integrate the community into the planning and benefits of tourism. The sustainable tourism plan proposed in this study seeks to improve the visibility and accessibility of Cotacachi’s natural landscapes, promote the inclusion of indigenous communities in tourism, and strengthen environmental conservation efforts. It is suggested that these efforts could enrich the tourism experience while stimulating local economic development, supporting biodiversity conservation, and reinforcing the region’s cultural identity. Through a holistic approach, the study proposes to transform Cotacachi into a model of sustainable tourism, ensuring long-term benefits for both the community and the environment. The study further revealed that 60% of respondents are aware of Cotacachi’s food fair that connects farmers with merchants, representing a sustainable practice. However, further dissemination and participation in these events is still lacking. For future research, it is recommended to continuously monitor perception and participation in sustainable tourism, in addition to assessing the economic, social, and environmental impact of the proposed interventions. With these measures, Cotacachi can move toward truly sustainable tourism that equitably benefits all stakeholders.
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