Centro de Investigación en Empresa, Sociedad y Tecnología

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El Centro de Investigación en Empresa, Sociedad y Tecnología -ESTec tiene como misión la investigación del comportamiento de organizaciones, empresas e individuos en relación con la selección y uso de tecnologías y el desarrollo de innovaciones. Adicionalmente, el ESTec se interesa por investigar el comportamiento humano y organizacional en el marco de los esfuerzos de sostenibilidad que llevan adelante nuestras sociedades.

El ESTec mediante sus esfuerzos de investigación busca generar conocimiento útil para la sociedad y para sus integrantes a fin de que puedan aprovechar los avances de la tecnología y contribuir a un desarrollo sostenible.

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Effect of Internal & External Financing on Labor Productivity – (2009–2014) Panel Data Study of Ecuadorian Companies
(2025)
Simbaña Taipe, Luis
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Rodas, Gonzalo
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Mena, Bryan
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Morales Molina, Tania
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Salazar Baño, Alfredo
This research analyzes the effect of internal and external financing on the labor productivity of Ecuadorian companies from 2009 to 2014. For this purpose, the database of the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC) is used. In addition, ordinary least squares (MCO) regression for panel data is applied as an estimation strategy. The study focuses on explanatory variables with financial characteristics (external and internal funding) and variables with commercial characteristics (number of employees, source of foreign capital, innovation of new services, and purchasing of machinery and equipment). The results demonstrate that external financing, number of employees, source of foreign capital and purchase of machinery and equipment, all have a positive impact on labor productivity. Internal financing, on the other hand, has no effect on the dependent variable. Meanwhile, the introduction of a new service reduces labor productivity. The Ecuadorian economy presents several barriers that prevent the development of national companies. These obstacles could be a lack of social and scientific awareness, an absence of innovative initiative and technological development, and deficient management of internal and external financing. Therefore, identifying the factors that affect the labor productivity of Ecuadorian companies is a relevant issue for the country's business economic development. Due to this information, the companies could develop capabilities and strategies to stay in the market and improve their competitiveness.
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The Mediating Role of Total Quality Management between Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Environmental Performance
(2024)
Sayedeh Parastoo Saeidi
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Saeidi, Parvaneh
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Sayyedeh Parisa Saeidi
Manufacturers have been under increasing pressure from various groups to recognize and deal with the environmental effects of their operations, especially in the past twenty years. To manage this challenge, they have adopted two practices: corporate social responsibility (CSR) and total quality management (TQM). However, it is still not clear how these practices are supposed to affect environmental performance in developing countries, particularly the less developed ones. This study aimed to fill this gap by researching whether TQM could mediate between CSR and green management in Iranian manufacturing companies. The Baron and Kenny method was used to achieve the answer. The structural equation modeling method, using AMOS, was additionally used to explore the relationships between the concepts. Out of 849 questionnaires distributed, 328 usable responses were received. The findings supported all hypotheses: CSR is linked to a company’s environmental performance, CSR is connected to TQM, TQM is associated with the company’s environmental performance, and the relationship between CSR and environmental performance is partly mediated by TQM. Practically, the findings of this study provide organizations with actionable guidance to enhance their environmental sustainability practices, resulting in fostering long-term sustainability and gaining a competitive advantage.
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Effect of enterprise risk management on firms’ outcomes with the moderating effect of knowledge management
(2023)
Saeidi, Parvaneh
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Saeidi S.P.
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Galarraga Carvajal, Mercedes
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Villacrés Endara H.
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Armijos L.
Purpose: This study aims to test the effects of enterprise risk management (ERM) on firms’ outcomes and the moderating role of knowledge management (KM) on ERM–firms’ outcomes relationship. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected via a questionnaire survey among public listed companies on the principal stock exchange market in Malaysia. A total of 124 questionnaires were received by mail questionnaire. The results were examined through structural equation modelling and partial least squares. Findings: The outcomes specified that ERM has a positive and noteworthy influence on firms’ outcomes, and KM has a moderating influence on the correlation among ERM and firms’ outcomes. Research limitations/implications: The qualities, procedures and laws of the Malaysian corporations chosen as the sample firms, as well as their regulations, may not be representative of all other countries. Moreover, this study considered only one variable as a moderator, while there are many variables that different studies can consider as moderator or mediators. Practical implications: The results of this research imply that employees’ awareness and knowledge of events, opportunities and risk, along with their engagement in the institute’s strategy, are critical for risk management and controlling. For the managers, the results of this research can be helpful to their businesses by identifying the effective KM capability that may enhance their positive outcomes. Managers and organizations can use KM as an instrument to increase ERM effect on firms’ outcomes. Social implications: KM and ERM are both significant intangible resources that are hard to imitate and are uniquely specified programs, which are important contributors to firm success in the long run. Moreover, the contingency theory of ERM was proved through the results of this study as it was identified in the public companies, that implementation of ERM as a strategic management practice, by organizations along with an effective KM may enhance the achievement of objectives and outcomes. Originality/value: This study helps to measure ERM comprehensively and how intangible assets such as KM can affect the comprehensive risk management process and its effectiveness. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Evaluate sustainable human resource management in the manufacturing companies using an extended Pythagorean fuzzy SWARA-TOPSIS method
(2022)
Saeidi, Parvaneh
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Mardani, A.
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Mishra, A.R.
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Cajas Cajas, V.E.
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Galarraga Carvajal, Mercedes
Today, organizations realized the importance of sustainability in concern with their business activities. They found out that they should focus on other aspects such as environmental and social and economic sustainability. Lately, Sustainable Human Resource Management (SHRM) is introduced as an instrument to indicate that HRM can affect the sustainable development and resource preservation of organizations. Despite that, SHRM and its related subjects are still in an emerging phase. The present study aims to propose a comprehensive approach to examine the main important factors of SHRM. To do so, a survey approach with the literature review interviewsview with experts is carried out to classify, rank, and evaluate the key SHRM factors in the manufacturing companies in Ecuador. In order to assess and prioritize the factors and the alternatives, this paper introduces a new approach using an integrated Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA)- Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method on the Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) setting called the PF-SWARA-TOPSIS method. To do this, we extend the SWARA method to identify and rank the SHRM factors by using PFSs. Afterward, to assess and prioritize the alternatives, this study utilizes the TOPSIS approach under PFSs. Next, to show the efficacy and applicability of the developed framework, a real case study of the SHRM problem is discussed on PFSs. Furthermore, this study performs a sensitivity investigation over diverse sets of criteria weights to illustrate the advantages of the proposed methodology. The investigation results demonstrate that the green work-life balance was ranked as the first factor by following corporate social responsibility, green employee relations, and business process redesign factors. Finally, the results of this study found that the developed approach has high efficacy and capability to handle the SHRM problem in manufacturing companies. © 2022
Scopus© Citations 50 25
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Impact of Technological Development on Human Cognitive Functioning
(2024)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
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Patricia García-Cruz
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Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
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Bolaños-Pasquel, Mónica
Human beings have several cognitive functions (memory, attention, language, perception, executive functions and others) that allow them to perform all their daily activities. In the context of the stimulation of human cognitive functions, classic activities based on tangible resources such as pencil and paper have been developed. In this context, there is an opportunity for technological development to make proposals to create games that stimulate human mental abilities. In this context, this article reports a quantitative systematic review of research about games to cognitive stimulation. Among the main results obtained, games that stimulate skills such as perception, attention, memory, executive functions, psychomotor skills and information processing speed were identified. The following are some of the results processed in this systematic review.
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The influence of corporate social responsibility on firm reputation with the moderating effect of personal employees' ethical value
(2022)
Saeidi S.P.
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Saeidi, Parvaneh
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Alvarez Zamora N.F.
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Endara H.V.
This study attempts to investigate the conditional effects of the ethical values of employees and corporate social responsibility (CSR), as two possible influencing variables on a firm's reputation. Moreover, this research determines the moderating effect of ethical values of employees on the relationship of CSR with firm reputation. AMOS is used as a visual program in structural equation modelling in order to analyse and test the hypotheses suggested in this paper. Data were collected from 301 SMEs in industrial and service sectors, in Malaysia, using survey method through structured questionnaires with five-point Likert scales. According to the results, hypothesis of moderating effect of personal employees' ethical values (PEEV) on CSR and firm reputation in the industrial sector was rejected; whereas a conditional moderating effect of ethical values of employees on CSR and firm reputation was reported in the service sector. This shows that when companies rely more on human resources, a higher level of ethical values among employees leads to a higher level of reputation for the firm in society, even if CSR is at a low level at those companies. Copyright © 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
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Systematic Review of Executive Function Stimulation Methods in the ADHD Population
(2024)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
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Deyaneira Brito
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Brayan Rodríguez
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Brenda Guerrero
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Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
Background/Objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by elevated motor activity, impulsivity, and attention deficit. Approximately 5% of the population suffers from this disorder. Among the key explanations of ADHD, executive functions play an important role in understanding the symptomatology present in this disorder and in determining the main treatment strategies for affected patients. We present a systematic review that seeks to identify the treatment methods developed to support executive functions in individuals with ADHD. Methods: Articles were analyzed in the SCOPUS, PUBMED, and Science Direct databases. Initially, 739 articles were found. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 articles remained and were included in the data extraction process. Results: Among the primary treatments identified, 14 studies propose psychological training for executive functions, 9 studies recommend medication, 5 studies suggest digital interventions, and 1 study advocates for sports as beneficial for executive functions. Conclusions: The data are discussed around the need to develop new proposals to enhance the executive functions of individuals with ADHD, thereby improving their performance in educational, personal, social, and family activities impacted by this disorder.
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Evaluation of circular supply chains barriers in the era of Industry 4.0 transition using an extended decision-making approach
(2022)
Shang, C.
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Saeidi, Parvaneh
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Goh, C.F.
Purpose: The poor leadership style is a key obstacle to the effective implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies. To successfully apply the Industry 4.0 technologies, which can enhance the sustainability of firms, senior management needs to be inspiring and transformational. On the other hand, numerous factors can hinder the Industry 4.0 transition and “Circular Supply Chain (CSC)” transformation. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the related barriers of CSCs in the era of Industry 4.0 transition. Design/methodology/approach: The current study developed an innovative decision-making approach with the help of the “Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo)” method and “Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC)” method on the “q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Sets (q-ROFSs).” CRITIC in this combined method was used to predict the importance or weighting degrees of the CSCs barriers in the age of Industry 4.0 transition. Findings: The results of this study found that the absence of knowledge about the Industry 4.0 technologies and circular approaches was the first barrier followed by the problems associated with data security in relationship management in circular flows, the deficiency of knowledge regarding the data management among stakeholders and the lack of awareness about the potential benefits of autonomous systems in labor-oriented “End-of-Life (EOL)” activities for CSCs in the era of Industry 4.0 transition. Research limitations/implications: A limitation may be that despite the generalizability of the proposed framework, the results may differ when it is implemented in different sectors. By emphasizing the obstacles to sustainable operations of supply chains (SCs) in the context of circular economy (CE) and Industry 4.0, researchers working in the same domain may be encouraged to find ways to remove such obstacles in different settings. As suggested in this study, the priority of various barriers helps researchers suggest effective strategies for the sustainable development of companies within the current dynamic business atmosphere. Practical implications: The findings of this paper can aid industry practitioners in fixing their attention on the digitization or automation of their systems in the context of sustainability or resource circularity. Note that within the current context of CE, one of the crucial issues is how to conserve the existing resources; the answer to this question can save the environment. Originality/value: The current paper proposed a new multi-criteria decision-making method using q-ROFSs to analyze, rank and evaluate the CSC barriers in the age of Industry 4.0 transition. To this end, a new decision-making approach with the help of CRITIC and CoCoSo methods on q-ROFSs called q-ROF-CRITIC-CoCoSo was introduced to evaluate the CSCs barriers in the era of Industry 4.0 transition. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.
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Knowledge Cities: ICT and Urban Components
(2021)
Cueva-Ortiz S.
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Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
Based on a shift in the production matrix from goods and services to knowledge and innovation, countries on at least three continents have invested in the construction of knowledge cities. However, to what extent are knowledge cities (KCs) linked to the information and communications technology (ICT) on which they are based? Are KCs a technological consequence, or a political ideology oriented towards the reinforcement of an economic system? To answer these questions, three global examples and the 22@Barcelona case study were examined using qualitative methods. The findings revealed how political agreements and the modification of urban plans impacted the cities. We observed existing relationships among ICT, KCs, and the business structure that was implemented, although the latter was not part of the KCs. This study presents a theoretical input for KCs and highlights the need for new urban and architectural spaces that respond to the innovative milieu of nascent societies. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Clothing Disposal System by Gifting: Characteristics, Processes, and Interactions
(2017)
Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
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González R.
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Gascó J.
The study of clothing disposal systems, involving the flow of clothing from one household to another, is of great interest because of the positive social and environmental consequences. Based on 35 in-depth interviews with adult men and women in Ecuador, a Latin American country, the authors sought to expand knowledge regarding one of these systems: clothing disposal by gifting to family, friends, and acquaintances. The respondents’ narratives indicated that the clothing disposal system by gifting is noncentric; based on social exchange, it strengthens the links between givers and recipients while allowing for clothes to circulate for a longer time. The data also indicated an intersection between age and gender, offering insight into how the process of clothing disposal by gifting develops within households. In some disposal events reported by participants, the clothing disposal system by gifting demonstrated autonomy, but in other events, it interacted with the clothing marketing system. © 2016, © The Author(s) 2016.
Scopus© Citations 18 32

Centro de Investigación en Empresa, Sociedad y Tecnología

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