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    Data-Driven Profiling of Reading Processes in Secondary Students: Learning Analytics Insights From PROLEC Assessment
    The integration of Learning Analytics (LA) into traditional psychometric assessments offers a transformative path for personalizing secondary education. This study proposes a “psychometric-first” analytical pipeline that converts item-level responses from the PROLEC-SE-R battery into actionable learner models for Interactive Learning Ecosystems (ILE). Using data from 256 Ecuadorian secondary students, we applied Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) to address the ordinal nature of the psychometric data, identifying four latent dimensions of reading: lexical, syntactic, semantic, and integration processes. Subsequently, a k-means clustering algorithm identified three distinct cognitive profiles: At-Risk (12.0%), Average (56.8%), and High-Performance (31.2%). The internal validity of these clusters was confirmed through a Davies-Bouldin index of 1.206 and stability analysis via Jaccard bootstrapping. To bridge the gap between psychometric profiling and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), we developed a rule-based mapping for UI/UX adaptations, where profiles trigger differentiated scaffolding—such as intensive audio-support for at-risk students and complex inferential challenges for high-performers. Results demonstrate that this scalable approach provides a theoretically grounded alternative to hardware-dependent analytics (e.g., eye-tracking) in low-resource contexts. This study contributes to the field of educational data mining by operationalizing latent cognitive features into dynamic instructional interventions, fostering more inclusive and adaptive digital learning environments. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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    Designing the UI/UX of a Gamified Platform to Raise Awareness About Water Conservation Using the User-Centered Design Method
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026) ; ; ;
    Sanchez-Gordon, Sandra
    ;
    Acosta-Vargas, Patricia
    Water conservation and responsible usage are critical to ensuring the sustainability of life on Earth. Raising awareness about these practices is essential to fostering behavioral changes in everyday life. This study aimed to design a gamified environment, integrating both digital and physical mediums, to promote awareness of water conservation. The proposed solutions included digital games, board games, interactive maps, and card games, blending entertainment with education. The research employed the Game Thinking methodology, involving ten master’s students specializing in user experience design. The process adhered to the principles of user-centered design across all phases. Initially, the problem of water scarcity was explained to participants, who subsequently proposed design concepts tailored to this issue. These concepts were developed into prototypes and tested with users representative of the intended age groups. Preliminary results from the first usability tests revealed areas for improvement. Feedback from peer reviews highlighted the need to enhance narrative elements, interface design, usability, and accessibility. Iterative refinements based on this feedback significantly improved the prototypes’ alignment with the project’s educational objectives. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the potential of gamification as a powerful tool for promoting water conservation awareness. Future work will focus on completing functional prototypes and evaluating their impact in real-world settings to measure their effectiveness in instilling responsible water usage behaviors
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    The illusion of flexibility and the limits of teacher autonomy in the Ecuadorian curriculum
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2026-05-21) ;
    Introduction Curriculum reforms in Latin America emphasize flexibility, contextualization, and teacher autonomy. In Ecuador, the 2016 curriculum operationalizes these through Skills with Performance Criteria (PC). Methods An analytical–interpretive approach was applied, examining the national curriculum alongside literature on educational governance and critical pedagogy. Results The PC-based structure, with its criteria and indicators, organizes planning, evaluation, and documentation around predefined outcomes. While this promotes coherence, it fragments practice into discrete units. Contextualization occurs in teaching, but validation relies on standardized references, creating tension between adaptation and assessment. Teacher work is structured by planning and verification processes. Discussion Interpreted as controlled freedom, autonomy is recognized but bounded, and flexibility emerges as a practice shaped by technical constraints.
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    Extensive Green Facades as an Alternative to the Lack of Urban Greenery
    The accelerated process of urbanization has intensified the loss of natural green areas, directly affecting the quality of life in cities. Semi-natural infrastructures, such as green facades, do not replace natural ecosystems but can mitigate their impacts by providing ecosystem services. This study is based on the hypothesis that the implementation of self-built extensive green facades, using local substrates and a mixture of native and adapted species, constitutes an accessible alternative that urban residents can construct and maintain themselves. Within this framework, the research 2 question is posed: How does the combination of support system type and plant species influence the ecological performance of extensive green facades in Andean urban contexts? Which climatic and construction-related factors determine the economic viability and ease of maintenance and self-construction of extensive green facades? The article is structured in two phases: first, a theoretical review of recent literature on extensive green facades, and second, an experimental phase involving self-built modules implemented in the city of Quito. The results show that, at least under the described climatic conditions—characterized by high solar radiation, prolonged water deficit, and wind gusts reaching up to 4.2 m/s—the selected plant species (<jats:italic>Common Ivy, Passiflora mixta</jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Pyrostegia venusta</jats:italic>) achieved similar coverage levels during the study period, ranging from 30% to 20% between months 3 and 7, with installation costs below 41 USD per square meter. These findings highlight the feasibility of affordable systems for urban greening and their potential role in promoting resilient and inclusive development, particularly in highly variable Andean climates. However, further research is needed to assess their long-term impact on urban biodiversity, as well as their sustained structural and ecological performance over time.
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    University Extension in Architecture: Strategies adopted by COVID-19
    Latin-American universities have reacted during pandemic times by implementing strategies not only virtual (Bedoya-Dorado, Murillo-Vargas, y González-Campo, 2021), the actions adopted over the road have allowed that the programme of extension continues being performed in other ways and to consider as not a requirement the permanent presential link with the community. The goal of the research is to analyze the strategies developed in community projects of University Extension in Architecture developed in seven Latin-American countries. The inquiry presents a methodology with combined strategies (Groat y Wang, 2013) that includes a literature review of primary and secondary sources, cases of study and interviews. This papers contains cuali-cuantitative data related to modes of working, alternatives of virtual communication in social media and elaborated knowledge of seven community projects selected from online activities developed by Architectural Latin-American universities in Costa Rica, México, Colombia, Ecuador, Chile y Argentina. The study found that the compilation of projects done last year and few years ago are the most used modes of working, also, digital material, Facebook pages and YouTube channels are the alternatives for virtual communication and finally, that digital publications and videos are the elaboration (Cano e Ingold, 2020), production (Salvatierra, 2003), (Cohen, 2014), (Martínez y García, 2019) and construction (Bolaños y Aguilera cited by Martínez y García, 2019) of knowledge. © 2022 The authors.
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    Suitable electric generator for pico-hydro power plant in ambato–huachi–pelileo water irrigation channel
    (2020) ; ;
    Hidalgo, A.
    ;
    Gordón, C.
    We present the analysis of the selection of electric generator suitable for Pico-Hydro Power Plant in the Ambato-Huachi-Pelileo irrigation channel in Ecuador. For which a meticulous literary review has been carried out about the main characteristics of the Pico-Hydro Power Plant as it is the height, the hydric resource, the turbine and the generator. Considering the water resource, which in our case is provided by the Ambato-Huachi-Pelileo irrigation channel, the parameters of low height and slow speed have been taken around 1.6 m3/s, which has allowed us to analyze the generator suitable for the required Pico-Hydro Power Plant. Therefore, the study conducted has allowed us to conclude that the electric generator suitable for the Pico-Hydro Power Plant in the Ambato-Huachi-Pelileo irrigation channel is a radial flux permanent magnet generator that is capable of providing sufficient electrical power with a simple structure, low revolutions, and high efficiency. Also, a Matlab simulation was developed in order to predict the power which is capable of provide the radial flux permanent magnet generator which in this case is 3.8 KW. This work aims to provide several benefits to the society bordering the irrigation channel, such as generating energy for self-consumption as a contribution to the lighting of the channel at no cost to the public in order that it is not dangerous for the passers at night and providing the ability for maintenance works at any time. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
    Scopus© Citations 3  19
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    Thermography applied to buildings as an opportunity to detect thermal bridges. Case study: Ambato, Ecuador
    (2024) ;
    Ranzet Ordóñez
    ;
    Liz Zambrano
    This research analyses the existence of thermal bridges in an urban context located at 2700 meters above sea level based on the analysis of thermal images of buildings taken in different ambient temperature conditions. The objective of this research is to expand and update the spectrum of analysis and detection of thermal bridges in an urban context, where environmental conditions change and increasingly reach higher and lower extreme peaks of temperature, which is why it is necessary to establish strategies for mitigation of thermal bridges and stabilization of internal temperatures, the materiality of the building envelope plays a very important role in this study. The methodology applied in this research is of mixed approach, qualitative in relation to the analysis and collection of information with thermal cards and photographs, and quantitative due to the comparison of thermal data obtained from the analysis and energy simulation of the case study. The qualitative results were obtained through the collection of thermographic information, the simulation of the house and focus on the detection of temperature leaks in an urban context of a building built in 2019 with contemporary materials and construction systems, the quantitative results were obtained from the energy simulation, which helped determine the failures in the envelope and thus could improve the energy performance of the building. The study concludes that currently, in spite of knowing the impact generated by climate change, improvements in the configuration of the envelope available in the market are not considered, which generates a negative impact on the perception of thermal comfort inside the building, it is also important to emphasize the importance of energy simulation in construction and design, since this helps to detect problems before building and to be more optimal when remodelling buildings
      28
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    Comparative Study in the Comuna Santa Clara de San Millán, Quito - Pedernales Earthquake April 2016
    (2023) ;
    Fernandez I.
    ;
    Bernal F.
    ;
    Labrada Y.
    The Comuna Santa Clara de San Millán is located in the city of Quito, which is a high seismic risk area. On April 16, 2016 an earthquake in Pedernales, Ecuador caused 683 fatalities and substantial material damage [1]. The purpose of the study was to compare the elements of seismic vulnerability manifested in the Comuna Santa Clara de San Millan with those recorded in the Pedernales earthquake. To achieve this, the work evaluates the seismic vulnerability of Comuna Santa Clara de San Millán using qualitative methods, identifies factors in common with the Pedernales earthquake and contrasts the results obtained. The analysis of the data allowed finding typical elements in both sites, such as the construction typology of reinforced concrete frame with unreinforced walls, irregularity in elevation, flat slab with flat beams, and flexible first floor or weak story; it was also identified that 91.7% of the houses reviewed are evaluated as highly vulnerable. The conclusions show the similarity of the structural problems in both places, so similar results could be expected in the event of an earthquake with similar characteristics to the one in Pedernales. This shows the need to continue the seismic vulnerability studies, now using quantitative methods, and to carry out structural reinforcement work in the buildings that require it in the Santa Clara de San Millán Commune. © 2023 IEEE.
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    Health and Educational Impacts Reduction Using a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Web System
    (2018)
    Davila L.
    ;
    Robalino F.
    ;
    Gordon C.
    ;
    We present the design and implementation of a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCADA web system of pollution factors such as Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) in order to manage them, providing comfort in indoor environments. The SCADA web system allows a comparative analysis of the recorded information with the alert, alarm and emergency levels, established in the Ecuadorian air quality regulations, annex 4 of Book VI of the Unified Legislation of Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of the Environment., The SCADA web system performs the comparison of the registered information, with the physical agents of environmental comfort, established in the ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers) standards. In the process of stabilization of the pollution factors, in indoor environments, air ionizers are used, which emit negative ions to maintain the standardized range in micrograms per cubic meter (3). Finally, we have been able to develop a SCADA web system for controlling pollution factors in indoor environments thanks to the integration of firebase (Android Studio), authentication (Facebook), notification (Database and Web Server), control and monitoring (Android Studio) interfaces. Besides, the SCADA web system allows preventing long term health problems such as allergic reactions, physical exhaustion and respiratory diseases, which influence academic performance during study days in educational institutions. © 2018 IEEE.
    Scopus© Citations 1  19
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    Classification Tools to Assess Critical Thinking in Automotive Engineering Students
    Inadequate conflict resolution skills in automotive engineering students can have negative consequences in the workplace. The development of mathematical logical thinking can help students develop critical analysis skills, improve problem-solving ability, develop reasoning skills, and effective communication, enabling them to deal effectively with conflicts and find creative solutions. This research aims to identify predictors of problem-solving ability using classification algorithms. Methodology: In this study, three classification algo-rithms were applied and the KDD process was used to identify predictors of problem-solving ability. The data set includes 60 records of students from the automotive engineering program at Universidad Equinoccial in Quito, Ecuador, to whom three tools were applied: a sociodemographic card, a Shatnawi test related to mathematical logical thinking, and a Watson Glaser test on conflict resolution ability. Results: The best classification model is the K-nearest neighbors’ algorithm and its predictive ability is very good, with a true positive rate versus false positive rate AUC of 0.75, along with a good performance in classifying negative cases. The model can be improved with increased sampling, cross-validation, or hyper-parameter adjustment. Conclusion: Age and mathematical logical thinking are strongly associated with conflict resolution ability. In future research it is important to consider additional variables such as experience in problem-solving projects, technical knowledge and communication skills; to explore the use of more advanced machine learning algo-rhythms; to design specific educational interventions based on the development of mathematical logical thinking; or to compare conflict resolution ability between different engineering disciplines.
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