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    The Art as an Active Strategy for Dyslexia Intervention: A Rhythmic–Visual–Motor Case Study
    (Richtmann Publishing, 2026-05-05) ; ;
    Carvache-Franco, Orly
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    Realpe-Cabrera, Iván
    Dyslexia remains a persistent challenge for teaching practice, requiring inclusive and effective pedagogical approaches. This study explores the use of art as an active methodology for dyslexia intervention through an exploratory single-case design. A four-month program integrating rhythmic, visual, and motor activities was implemented with an 11-year-old child diagnosed with dyslexia and attention-related difficulties. Reading performance was assessed using the PROLEC-R test at two points (pretest and posttest), analyzing subprocesses such as accuracy, speed, and comprehension. The results showed improvements in decoding, word and pseudoword reading, text comprehension, and reading speed, accompanied by a moderate-to-large within-case effect size (d = 0.81). However, limited progress was observed in letter naming and grammatical structures. These findings suggest that a multicomponent artistic intervention may contribute to improvements in reading subprocesses by engaging cognitive, sensory, and emotional dimensions. Nevertheless, given the single-case design, the results should be interpreted as exploratory and not generalizable. The study highlights the potential of art-based active methodologies as a complementary strategy in inclusive education contexts and underscores the need for further research with larger samples and controlled designs. © 2026 Zurita-Álava et al .
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    Green transition and productive structure in Latin America: the role of innovation, finance, and the energy matrix in ALADI countries
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2026-06-22)
    Morales-Urrutia, Ximena
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    Solórzano, Melissa
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    Naranjo-Gaibor, Jefferson Napoleon
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    Acosta-Vargas, Patricia
    Introduction The green transition in Latin America takes place within structurally heterogeneous economies characterized by dependence on primary exports, uneven technological capabilities, and partially diversified energy matrices. This study examines how technological innovation, financial development, renewable energy consumption, trade openness, economic growth, and industrialization influence CO 2 emissions in member countries of the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI). Methods A balanced panel dataset covering 11 ALADI countries for the period 2000–2021 was analyzed using a two-step System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) estimator. This approach addresses endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and the dynamic persistence of emissions. Additional robustness analyses were conducted using pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Random Effects (RE) estimators. Results The findings indicate that structural factors are the main determinants of CO 2 emissions. Industrialization and trade openness exert positive and statistically significant effects, highlighting the role of productive structure and international integration in shaping environmental outcomes. Economic growth is also positively associated with emissions, suggesting that production expansion remains linked to environmental pressure. In contrast, technological innovation, renewable energy consumption, and financial development do not exhibit statistically significant effects in the dynamic specification. Discussion The results suggest that the green transition in ALADI countries is not automatic and cannot be driven solely by technological progress or financial expansion. Persistent structural characteristics, including carbon-intensive productive systems and patterns of global economic integration, continue to constrain environmental sustainability. Achieving a successful transition therefore requires deeper transformations in productive structures, industrial policies, and energy systems to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation.
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    Gender Barriers, Equity and Social Sustainability in Rural Agriculture: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach from Ecuador
    (MDPI AG, 2026-07-14) ;
    Ruiz-Guajala, Mery
    ;
    Almagro, Galo
    Gender equity has become a key component of sustainable rural development and socially sustainable agricultural systems. This study examines the relationship between perceived gender barriers, gender equity, and social sustainability in agriculture in Tungurahua Province, Ecuador. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design was employed using survey data collected from 930 farmers during 2025. Descriptive analyses were used to assess perceived levels of gender equity and social sustainability, while structural equation modeling was applied to evaluate the relationships among the study constructs. The findings reveal high perceived levels of gender equity (80.3%) and social sustainability (88.3%) among participants. The structural model indicates that perceived gender barriers are significantly associated with gender equity (β = 0.383, p < 0.001), and gender equity is positively associated with social sustainability (β = 0.350, p < 0.001). No significant direct effect of perceived gender barriers on social sustainability was identified. The results suggest that gender equity may represent an important pathway linking perceived gender barriers and social sustainability in rural agricultural systems. These findings highlight the importance of promoting equitable access to productive resources, training opportunities, and leadership participation to strengthen social sustainability and inform gender-responsive rural development policies in Ecuador. © 2026 by the authors.
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    Explaining Financial Inclusion in the European Union: A Panel Data Analysis of Macroeconomic Determinants (2004–2023)
    (MDPI AG, 2026-06-26) ;
    Benítez-Gaibor, Marcela Karina
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    Barreno-Córdova, Carlos
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    Córdova-Pacheco, Ana
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    Lema-Chicaiza, Micaela
    This study examines the relationship between financial inclusion and economic development in the European Union by analyzing its macroeconomic determinants across 26 countries over the period of 2004–2023. Using a balanced panel dataset, the empirical analysis employs econometric techniques that account for heterogeneity, autocorrelation, and cross-sectional dependence, leading to the estimation of a Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) model. Financial inclusion is proxied by the number of automated teller machines per 100,000 adults, while the explanatory variables include GDP per capita, personal remittances, inflation, years of schooling, unemployment, and foreign direct investment. The results show that GDP per capita, remittances, inflation, and unemployment have a positive and statistically significant effect on financial inclusion, whereas education and foreign direct investment exhibit a negative and significant relationship. These findings suggest that financial inclusion in the European Union is shaped by a complex interplay of economic development, labor market conditions, and external financial flows, rather than by structural factors alone. Notably, the results reveal counterintuitive relationships that challenge conventional assumptions about the roles of education and foreign investment in promoting financial access. This study contributes to the literature by providing updated panel evidence for advanced economies and by emphasizing the multidimensional nature of financial inclusion in a context of increasing digitalization and economic integration. The findings also offer relevant policy implications, suggesting that strategies to enhance financial inclusion should go beyond expanding financial infrastructure and instead focus on improving the effective use of financial services, strengthening financial capabilities, and reducing structural disparities across countries. © 2026 by the authors.
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    Health Consciousness and Dietary Behavior: A Theory of Planned Behavior Analysis of Organic Food Adoption Among Young Consumers
    (MDPI AG, 2026-06-16) ;
    Morales-Urrutia, Diana
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    Mantilla-Falcón, Luis
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    Ibarra-Torres, Oscar
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    Córdova, Patricio
    The adoption of healthier dietary behaviors has become a critical public health concern, particularly among young populations facing structural and economic constraints. Within this context, organic food consumption can be understood not only as a market choice but as a form of health-related behavior influenced by psychological factors. Drawing on the Theory of Planned Behavior, this study examines how health consciousness and core cognitive determinants shape dietary health behavior through their influence on behavioral intention and self-reported consumption patterns. A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed using data from 384 young consumers in an emerging market context (Ambato, Ecuador). The proposed model was tested using covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM). The findings indicate that perceived behavioral control is the strongest predictor of intention to engage in organic food consumption, followed by attitude and subjective norms. Health consciousness is positively associated with attitude and indirectly influences behavioral intention through this pathway. No significant relationship was found between perceived behavioral control and attitude. Behavioral intention shows a strong association with self-reported consumption behavior. These results highlight the central role of perceived feasibility in shaping health-related dietary behaviors in constrained contexts, where structural barriers may limit the translation of positive attitudes into action. The study contributes to the health psychology literature by providing context-sensitive evidence on how cognitive and motivational factors interact within the TPB framework to influence dietary behavior. Implications for promoting healthier consumption patterns emphasize the need to address both psychological drivers and structural constraints. © 2026 by the authors.
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    Determinants of the Ecological Footprint in ALADI Countries: Economic Growth, Trade Openness, Energy Intensity, and ICT Services Exports
    (MDPI AG, 2026-05-26)
    Morales-Urrutia, Ximena
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    ;
    Solórzano, Melissa
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    Pico-Barrionuevo, Fanny
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    Acosta-Vargas, Patricia
    Environmental degradation has become a critical structural challenge for sustainable development, particularly in regions where economic growth remains closely linked to natural resource exploitation. In Latin America, and specifically within ALADI countries, limited empirical evidence exists on the dynamic interactions among economic growth, trade integration, energy efficiency, and digital transformation in shaping environmental pressures. This study addresses this gap by employing a dynamic panel data approach based on System GMM for the period 2000–2021. The results reveal that economic growth and trade openness have a positive, statistically significant effect on the ecological footprint, confirming the persistence of scale effects and the absence of structural decoupling between economic expansion and environmental degradation. In contrast, energy intensity and ICT service exports, although positively associated with environmental pressure, did not show statistically significant effects, suggesting that their role in driving sustainability transitions remains limited under current structural conditions. These findings highlight that structural economic factors predominantly drive environmental dynamics in the ALADI region, while the estimated effects associated with technological and efficiency-related variables remain comparatively weak and statistically inconclusive under current structural conditions. From a policy perspective, the study underscores the need for deeper structural transformations, including cleaner energy transitions, stronger environmental regulation in trade, and a more effective integration of digitalization into sustainability strategies. The study contributes to the literature by providing robust dynamic evidence on socio-environmental interactions in developing economies and advancing the understanding of sustainability transitions in Latin America. © 2026 by the authors.
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    Impact of Interactive Digital Environments: Literacy Development in Middle School
    (Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026) ;
    Figueroa-Oquendo, Alfredo
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    Pacheco-Chalen, Grace
    This study examines the impact of interactive strategies supported by digital tools on the development of literacy skills in seventh-grade students in Basic Education. The objective is to determine whether the use of platforms such as Canva, Genially, Kahoot, and Google Docs enhances academic performance in reading comprehension and written expression. A quantitative methodology with a quasi-experimental design was applied, distinguishing between an experimental group that received a technological intervention and a control group that followed traditional methodologies. The results, validated through statistical tests, show significant improvements in the experimental group in terms of both academic achievement and motivation. The study concludes that the pedagogical integration of digital tools enhances autonomous, participatory, and meaningful learning, offering new perspectives for educational innovation in school settings. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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    Inclusive education and psychological wellbeing: Support strategies for students in diverse settings
    This study examines the relationship between inclusive education and psychological wellbeing, emphasizing pedagogical and institutional strategies that promote students’ active participation in diverse educational contexts. The purpose of the research is to analyze the main barriers affecting inclusion and emotional wellbeing in school settings and to identify support strategies with the greatest perceived impact on students’ engagement and retention. A qualitative, hermeneutic-interpretative approach was adopted, based on a documentary review of scientific literature published between 2020 and 2025. Peer-reviewed articles, policy documents, and institutional reports were selected from recognized databases such as Scopus, SciELO, ERIC, and IEEE Xplore. The analysis focused on inclusive education, psychological wellbeing, teacher training, socioemotional strategies, and educational policy. The results reveal that the most significant barriers to inclusive education are insufficient teacher training in inclusive and socioemotional practices (reported in 85% of the reviewed studies), the disconnect between pedagogical strategies and students’ psychological needs (78%), and the lack of adaptive educational resources (72%). Additionally, limited emotional support systems and weak institutional policies oriented toward wellbeing contribute to higher levels of demotivation and school dropout, particularly in vulnerable regions. Conversely, strategies such as Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) showed the highest perceived impact, with effectiveness scores of 4.6 and 4.4 out of 5, respectively. The study concludes that inclusive education cannot be achieved without systematically addressing students’ psychological wellbeing. Integrating socioemotional education, strengthening teacher training, and aligning public policies with inclusive and human-centered approaches are essential to fostering equitable, safe, and meaningful learning environments. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive educational models that connect pedagogical, emotional, and institutional dimensions.</jats:p>
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    Motivation Predicting Satisfaction and Loyalty in Sustainable Coastal Destinations
    (2026)
    Mauricio Carvache-Franco
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    Lidija Bagarić
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    Orly Carvache-Franco
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    ;
    Wilmer Carvache-Franco
    Sustainable coastal destinations offer a variety of natural and cultural activities that form a construct of motivations that influence tourist behavior regarding their willingness to return to and recommend the destination. In this sense, the present study aimed to achieve the following objectives: to identify the motivations that drive tourist demand in sustainable coastal destinations, to establish which motivations predict tourist satisfaction in coastal destinations, and to determine which motivations predict tourist loyalty in coastal destinations. There are behavioral variables to consider, such as the intention to return, willingness to recommend the destination, and propensity to speak positively about it. The study was carried out in Montañita (Ecuador), a major surfing city in Latin America with extensive potential for water sports. A total of 380 valid surveys were collected on-site for quantitative analysis. Multiple regression and exploratory factor analysis were among the methods used. The final results showed five motivational dimensions linked to tourism in coastal areas, including nature and culture, sun and sea, recreational and sporting activities, novelty, and social interaction. Among all these factors, social interactivity and novelty stood out as the elements that had the greatest impact on visitor loyalty and satisfaction, followed by the sun and beach component. The findings will serve as input for destination managers to develop sustainable management guidelines and are also a contribution to academic literature.
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    Autoimmune Complications in Long COVID in a Patient with Hepatitis C
    A significant percentage of patients, according to recent studies, report persistent clinical manifestations of COVID-19 beyond the acute phase. These symptoms extend between four and twelve weeks from the initial clinical presentation. This clinical study details the case of a 50-year-old female patient with a history of hepatitis C who developed COVID-19 and subsequently experienced a series of symptoms indicative of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (Long COVID). The presented symptoms included fever, general malaise, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, sore throat, dry cough, severe headache, mucosal dryness, skin fold, muscle weakness in the lower limbs, conjunctival injection, and sudden visual loss in the left eye. She showed initial improvement and was discharged from the hospital; however, she developed fever, ageusia, dyspnea, positional tachycardia, palpitations, and retrosternal pain. Subsequent examinations revealed pericarditis and subacuteinflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, demonstrating the diverse and prolonged clinical course associated with Long COVID. Treatment with colchicine and NSAIDs resulted in clinical improvement, highlighting the challenges in managing and potential therapeutic approaches for patients with persistent COVID-19 symptoms. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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