In Ecuador, both the vulnerable sectors and the informal and underemployed workers face challenges in terms of employment and working conditions. Informality implies a lack of protection and benefits, while underemployment affects the quality of life. Inclusive policies are required to address these issues and promote equitable development. The objective of this study is to explain the incidence of vulnerable sectors in informality and underemployment in Ecuador for the foundation of public policies. The data analyzed comes from the National Survey of Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment (ENEMDU) - Accumulated. The results indicate that vulnerable sectors have a great impact on informality and underemployment regardless of factors such as gender, education and area.