Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge

Preferred name

Main Affiliation

Centro de Investigación en Empresa, Sociedad y Tecnología

Quito

jorgecruz@uti.edu.ec

ORCID

0000-0002-4575-6229

Scopus Author ID

56000985700

Now showing 1 - 10 of 54

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Electronic Word of Mouth and Sustainability: A Bibliometric Approach
(Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026)
Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
;
Ramos-Galarza, Carlos
;
Palacio-Fierro, Andrés
;
Guadalupe-Lanas, Jorge
Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) is a type of human-computer interaction that comprises simple, two-way communication, disseminating information about companies, brands, and products through digital spaces. Given the significant interest in eWOM, various extant studies have sought to structure this field of study through a bibliometric approach. As the literature on eWOM has continued to grow, bibliometric studies on eWOM have begun to be specialized. Following this line of work, the present bibliometric study seeks to unravel eWOM’s structure as it applies to sustainability, a topic of great current importance. Using the Scopus database, 1,968 documents were identified. Descriptive and productivity analyses characterize the field of eWOM and sustainability as a rapidly growing and multidisciplinary field, in which China and the United States stand out in the literature. Science mapping analyses have identified four clusters of terms associated with research lines: 1) human behavior in eWOM, 2) social aspects of eWOM and sustainability, 3) eWOM’s impact on sustainability and tourism, and 4) eWOM’s technological aspects and measurement. The overlay visualization of term analysis reveals an evolution in research interest, progressing from technological aspects, through economic and behavioral aspects, to the current emphasis on sustainability and tourism. Finally, this study discusses these results’ implications for theory and practice. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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Institutional trauma, absence of accountability, and psychopathology in a juvenile serial homicide case
(Frontiers Media SA, 2026-05-25)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
;
Obregón, Jennifer
;
Guerrero, Brenda
;
Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
Juan Fernando Hermosa, infamously known as “The Child of Terror, ” committed 23 murders in Ecuador between 1991 and 1992. This perspective article offers a conceptual and theoretical analysis of the interplay between institutional trauma, accountability, and psychopathology in juvenile justice settings, using Hermosa’s trajectory as an illustrative example. Drawing on publicly available judicial records, academic literature, and journalistic sources, we advance the argument that institutional trauma, harm inflicted or exacerbated by juvenile justice and residential systems themselves, and the complete absence of organizational accountability may interact to worsen, rather than reduce, severe antisocial outcomes. Hermosa’s incarceration at the Virgilio Guerrero Institute is examined not as empirical evidence but as a theoretically informative case that highlights the potential consequences of punitive, non-rehabilitative environments. We propose that without procedural, therapeutic, restorative, and systemic accountability mechanisms, juvenile justice settings risk becoming trauma-generating institutions that compound pre-existing psychopathology. Particular attention is given to the hypothesized intersection of early childhood maltreatment and later institutional trauma as a pathway toward severe antisocial development. This perspective concludes by outlining key accountability mechanisms, external oversight, youth grievance procedures, trauma-informed staff training, and transparent error remediation, as essential components for preventing the escalation of violence among at-risk youth. The article aims to stimulate theoretical discussion and inform policy reform rather than to generalize from a single case. Copyright © 2026 Ramos-Galarza, Obregón, Guerrero and Cruz-Cárdenas.
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Artificial Intelligence Anxiety in the Educational Context: Psychometric Adaptation of the Scale on a Sample of Russian Students
(Moscow Polytechnic University, 2026-06-24)
Maksimenko, A. A.
;
Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
;
Zabelina, E. V.
;
Kurapov, S. V.
;
Pevneva, A. N.
Today, there is a growing anxiety about artificial intelligence in the educational space, which greatly affects the willingness to make technological decisions and plan for one's professional future. In empirical studies, AI anxiety is defined as a complex phenomenon including a range of negative emotional responses that shapes in people due to development and potential impact of artificial intelligence on various spheres of life. Given the impact of AI anxiety on learning, career choices, participation in the digital economy, and mental well-being, there is a need for its holistic conceptual description and reliable diagnosis. The aim of the study is to present a reliable and valid Russian-language tool for diagnosing AI anxiety in students. The adopted basis and modified for a student sample (N = 521) "Artificial Intelligence Anxiety Scale" (M.H. Alkhaibani et al.) showed an acceptable level of the external and internal validity as well as reliability on internal consistency. The factor analysis confirmed the five-factor structure of the questionnaire: concerns related to AI accuracy and reliability; concerns related to academic integrity (plagiarism); and concerns stemming from regulatory uncertainty (guidelines), fears of loss of learning and cognitive skills, as well as a decrease in motivation. External validity is confirmed by the correlations with neuroticism and conscientiousness as personality traits, image of the future, attitude towards artificial intelligence, and some socio-demographic characteristics. Adapted and modified psychodiagnostic tool for studying AI anxiety opens up opportunities for research on a Russian-speaking student sample. © Максименко А.А., Круз-Карденес Х., Забелина Е.В., Курапов С.В., Певнева А.Н., 2020. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
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Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivations in Predicting the Buy Intention of Technological Products: A Study in Developing and Emerging Countries
(2021)
Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
;
Zabelina E.
;
Deyneka O.
;
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
An area of great interest for business is establishing the factors that determine consumer intentions to purchase new technological products. The present study seeks to contribute to this field of research by establishing how the consumer’s hedonic and utilitarian motivations help explain their purchase intentions. The present study consisted of a survey completed by 725 people in Ecuador (a developing country) and 376 in Russia (an emerging country). The data obtained were analyzed with a multiple regression, with the purchase intentions of five technological products being the variable to be predicted and the two motivations for the use of technologies as the predictor variables. Various demographic variables were introduced as control variables. The results obtained point to a secondary role for demographic variables. On the other hand, and in a consistent manner, hedonic and utilitarian motivations were significant predictors positively associated with purchase intentions in both countries. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Clothing disposition by gifting: Benefits for consumers and new consumption
(2016)
Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
;
del Val Núñez M.T.
In recent years, consumer behavior in the disposition of clothing has attracted increasing academic interest due to various economic, theoretical and environmental implications. This research seeks to contribute to the existing knowledge on this topic, from a scarcely-studied environment. Ecuador is a developing country in Latin America with high cultural collectivism, where gifting represents the primary clothing disposition method outside the household. This study focuses on the relationship between the values or benefits that consumers obtain from this disposition method and the new clothing purchases they make. This research uses a qualitative methodology in two stages with 35 in-depth interviews, which allows first to state and then support the hypothesis: When consumers gift clothing with core values associated with selfish motivations, such as the functional value in closets and various psychological values, the connection between disposition and new purchases becomes more likely. Although not linked to new purchases, the relational value appears as a transversal value in the disposition events under study. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
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Knowledge Cities: ICT and Urban Components
(2021)
Cueva-Ortiz S.
;
Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
Based on a shift in the production matrix from goods and services to knowledge and innovation, countries on at least three continents have invested in the construction of knowledge cities. However, to what extent are knowledge cities (KCs) linked to the information and communications technology (ICT) on which they are based? Are KCs a technological consequence, or a political ideology oriented towards the reinforcement of an economic system? To answer these questions, three global examples and the 22@Barcelona case study were examined using qualitative methods. The findings revealed how political agreements and the modification of urban plans impacted the cities. We observed existing relationships among ICT, KCs, and the business structure that was implemented, although the latter was not part of the KCs. This study presents a theoretical input for KCs and highlights the need for new urban and architectural spaces that respond to the innovative milieu of nascent societies. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Role of demographic factors, attitudes toward technology, and cultural values in the prediction of technology-based consumer behaviors: A study in developing and emerging countries
(2019)
Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
;
Zabelina E.
;
Deyneka O.
;
Guadalupe-Lanas, Jorge
;
Velín-Fárez M.
This study investigates the predictors of the use of technology-based products and services in Ecuador (a Latin American developing country) and Russia (an emerging economy). A comparative study helps predict the use of four technology-based services, and tests the predicting capacity of demographic factors, attitudes toward technology, and cultural values. The first stage of investigation involves confirmatory factor analyses and invariance tests on the measurement scales used. The results of the proposed regression models indicate that demographic variables have the highest predictive capacity in the two countries. Attitudes toward technology also demonstrate some predictive ability, while cultural values have a negligible direct impact on technology use. The results of structural equation models indicate that cultural values have a fundamental indirect impact on the use of technology-based services, and such effect is mediated by attitudes toward technology. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
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Temporal Focus as a Mediator between Cultural Values and Subjective Happiness: Evidence from Ecuador and Russia [Временной фокус как медиатор взаимосвязи между культурными ценностями и субъективным счастьем: на материале Эквадора и России]
(2022)
Zabelina E.V.
;
Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
;
Guadalupe-Lanas J.
;
Deyneka O.S.
Though numerous scholars have studied subjective time, its predictors and effects, the general model considering demographic variables, cultural values and level of wellbeing is not presented. This study seeks to bridge this gap by contributing a comparative study of two very different countries: Ecuador (N=745, aged 19—76, 48.7% male), a Latin American developing country, and Russia (N=428, aged 18— 72, 40.2% male), an emerging Eurasian nation. We assumed that temporal focus plays the role of a mediator in the relationship between cultural values and subjective happiness in both countries. To predict the temporal focus (Temporal Focus Scale by Shipp, Edwards, and Lambert, 2009) in both countries, based on the previous literature the study tests the importance of three groups of variables: demographic factors (gender, age, education, income), subjective happiness (Subjective Happiness Scale by Lyubomirsky and Lepper, 1999), and cultural values (Cultural Values Scale by Yoo, Donthu and Lenartowics, 2011). The first stage of analysis involved confirmatory factor analyses and invariance tests for the scales used. Subsequently, multiple regression models made it possible to establish that sociodemographic variables, introduced as covariates, had little influence on the prediction of people's temporal orientation. However, the cultural and psychological variables (long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance and subjec - tive happiness) introduced as predictors played an important role in the prediction of temporal (current, past and future) focus. Additionally, there are some cultural and psychological predictors of temporal focus specific for each country. Ultimately, structural equation models demonstrated that temporal focus plays the role of the mediator in the relationship between cultural values and subjective happiness in both Ecuador and Russia. © 2022. Cultural-Historical Psychology. All Rights Reserved.
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Factorial Structure of the EOCL-1 Scale to Assess Executive Functions
(2021)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
;
Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
;
Bolaños-Pasquel M.
;
Acosta-Rodas P.
The process of assessing executive functions through behavioral observation scales is still under theoretical and empirical construction. This article reports on the analysis of the factorial structure of the EOCL-1 scale that assesses executive functions, as proposed by the theory developed by Luria, which has not been previously considered in this type of evaluation. In this scale, the executive functions taken into account are error correction, internal behavioral and cognition regulatory language, limbic system conscious regulation, decision making, future consideration of consequences of actions, goal-directed behavior, inhibitory control of automatic responses, creation of new behavioral repertoires, and cognitive–behavioral activity verification. A variety of validity and reliability analyses were carried out, with the following results: (a) an adequate internal consistency level of executive functions between α = 0.70 and α = 0.83, (b) significant convergent validity with a scale that assesses frontal deficits between r = −0.07 and r = 0.28, and (c) the scale’s construct validity that proposes a model with an executive central factor comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.93, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.04 (LO.04 and HI.04), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.04, and x2(312) = 789.29, p = 0.001. The findings are discussed based on previous literature reports and in terms of the benefits of using a scale to assess the proposed executive functions. © Copyright © 2021 Ramos-Galarza, Cruz-Cárdenas, Bolaños-Pasquel and Acosta-Rodas.
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Organizational Culture and Sustainability in the Context of Higher Education Institutions: A Bibliometric Study
(2023)
Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
;
Parra-Domínguez J.
Sustainability is of great importance for current and future societies, and higher education institutions (HEIs) play a leading role in sustainability efforts. Because organizational culture is a determining force in the success or failure of such efforts, this study examines the relationship between HEIs’ organizational cultures and their sustainability efforts. The research took a bibliometric approach and selected 594 relevant documents from the Scopus database. The descriptive analysis reveals a rapid growth in the rate of document publication that accelerates from the year 2015. At the level of both research and financial institutions that fund related research, most are linked to developed and emerging countries. An analysis of the co-occurrence of terms yielded four thematic clusters: (1) teaching and sustainability, (2) organizational and cultural change, (3) impacts of sustainability efforts, and (4) sustainability planning. From a dynamic perspective, the research emphasis has shifted from plans and projects to actors in university communities and their skills and knowledge. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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