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    Effects of Public Finance Behavior: The Ecuadorian Scenario
    The behavior of Ecuador’s public finances is critical to ensuring economic stability and sustainable development. In a context marked by economic crises and fiscal challenges, understanding the effects of fiscal policies is essential for designing strategies that promote growth and social well-being. This research analyzes the recent behavior of Ecuador’s public finances, identifying challenges and opportunities in fiscal management while evaluating the impact of fiscal policies on the economy and society. Using a mixed qualitative and quantitative approach, the study includes a review of prior research, analysis of economic data from government and international organizations, and interviews with public finance officials. The findings reveal significant progress, such as increased tax collection and investments in infrastructure, education, and health. However, persistent issues such as economic informality, inefficiencies in spending, and corruption limit the effectiveness of these efforts. The study emphasizes the need for sustainable fiscal policies, greater transparency, and accountability to foster inclusive growth and reduce reliance on oil exports. In conclusion, Ecuador’s public finance dynamics have a profound impact on the economy and society. Overcoming challenges requires sustained reforms, improved efficiency, and diversified growth strategies to ensure long-term economic resilience and equity. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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    Green transition and productive structure in Latin America: the role of innovation, finance, and the energy matrix in ALADI countries
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2026-06-22)
    Morales-Urrutia, Ximena
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    Solórzano, Melissa
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    Naranjo-Gaibor, Jefferson Napoleon
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    Acosta-Vargas, Patricia
    Introduction The green transition in Latin America takes place within structurally heterogeneous economies characterized by dependence on primary exports, uneven technological capabilities, and partially diversified energy matrices. This study examines how technological innovation, financial development, renewable energy consumption, trade openness, economic growth, and industrialization influence CO 2 emissions in member countries of the Latin American Integration Association (ALADI). Methods A balanced panel dataset covering 11 ALADI countries for the period 2000–2021 was analyzed using a two-step System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM) estimator. This approach addresses endogeneity, unobserved heterogeneity, and the dynamic persistence of emissions. Additional robustness analyses were conducted using pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Random Effects (RE) estimators. Results The findings indicate that structural factors are the main determinants of CO 2 emissions. Industrialization and trade openness exert positive and statistically significant effects, highlighting the role of productive structure and international integration in shaping environmental outcomes. Economic growth is also positively associated with emissions, suggesting that production expansion remains linked to environmental pressure. In contrast, technological innovation, renewable energy consumption, and financial development do not exhibit statistically significant effects in the dynamic specification. Discussion The results suggest that the green transition in ALADI countries is not automatic and cannot be driven solely by technological progress or financial expansion. Persistent structural characteristics, including carbon-intensive productive systems and patterns of global economic integration, continue to constrain environmental sustainability. Achieving a successful transition therefore requires deeper transformations in productive structures, industrial policies, and energy systems to decouple economic growth from environmental degradation.
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    Gender Barriers, Equity and Social Sustainability in Rural Agriculture: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach from Ecuador
    (MDPI AG, 2026-07-14) ;
    Ruiz-Guajala, Mery
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    Almagro, Galo
    Gender equity has become a key component of sustainable rural development and socially sustainable agricultural systems. This study examines the relationship between perceived gender barriers, gender equity, and social sustainability in agriculture in Tungurahua Province, Ecuador. A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design was employed using survey data collected from 930 farmers during 2025. Descriptive analyses were used to assess perceived levels of gender equity and social sustainability, while structural equation modeling was applied to evaluate the relationships among the study constructs. The findings reveal high perceived levels of gender equity (80.3%) and social sustainability (88.3%) among participants. The structural model indicates that perceived gender barriers are significantly associated with gender equity (β = 0.383, p < 0.001), and gender equity is positively associated with social sustainability (β = 0.350, p < 0.001). No significant direct effect of perceived gender barriers on social sustainability was identified. The results suggest that gender equity may represent an important pathway linking perceived gender barriers and social sustainability in rural agricultural systems. These findings highlight the importance of promoting equitable access to productive resources, training opportunities, and leadership participation to strengthen social sustainability and inform gender-responsive rural development policies in Ecuador. © 2026 by the authors.
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    Impact of AI on Internal Control and Risk Management Systems in Ecuador
    The implementation of artificial intelligence in internal control systems has emerged as a key trend in the improvement of organizational management, enabling comprehensive data analysis and effective risk identification, transforming the way organizations monitor and control their operations. The objective is to analyze the perception and use of AI in internal control systems in Ecuador, focusing on its ability to perform advanced data analysis and accurate identification of risk areas. The research methodology employed a mixed approach. A survey was administered to 30 accounting professionals and business people to evaluate the effectiveness of tools for the purpose of improving internal control systems. The results show that AI can identify patterns and anomalies in large volumes of data with higher accuracy than traditional methods. In conclusion, the study provides a comprehensive view of the potential of AI to transform internal control processes, ensuring greater transparency and reliability in organizational management. The predictive capability of AI allows organizations to anticipate and mitigate risks before they materialize. The integration of artificial intelligence in Ecuadorian internal control systems offers significant improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of risk management with more effective decision making. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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    Predictive Motivations in Satisfaction and Loyalty in Sustainable Coastal and Marine Destinations: Galapagos National Park, Ecuador
    (MDPI AG, 2026-08-06)
    Carvache-Franco, Mauricio
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    Carvache-Franco, Orly
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    Torres-Naranjo, Mónica
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    Carvache-Franco, Wilmer
    Studying sustainability in marine and coastal tourism within national parks is essential to balance visitor use with the conservation of fragile ecosystems and biodiversity. In this context, the Galápagos Archipelago is a major coastal and marine destination in Ecuador, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The aim of this empirical study was (i) to identify the principal motivational dimensions in sustainable coastal and marine destinations; (ii) to determine which motivations significantly predict tourist satisfaction in these contexts; and (iii) to establish which motivations influence loyalty in sustainable coastal and marine destinations. The research was conducted in situ, obtaining 407 valid questionnaires. Multiple regression analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied. The results reveal six motivational factors: learning; heritage and nature; sun and beach; sports; authentic coastal experience; novelty; and social interaction. The motivation that most strongly predicts satisfaction is heritage and nature, followed by novelty. Likewise, the motivation that most strongly predicts loyalty is heritage and nature, with additional influence from sun and beach and sports motivations. These findings provide practical guidance for the development of sustainable destination management plans and contribute to the academic literature on sustainability, satisfaction, and loyalty in coastal and marine tourism contexts. © 2026 by the authors.
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    Inclusive education and psychological wellbeing: Support strategies for students in diverse settings
    This study examines the relationship between inclusive education and psychological wellbeing, emphasizing pedagogical and institutional strategies that promote students’ active participation in diverse educational contexts. The purpose of the research is to analyze the main barriers affecting inclusion and emotional wellbeing in school settings and to identify support strategies with the greatest perceived impact on students’ engagement and retention. A qualitative, hermeneutic-interpretative approach was adopted, based on a documentary review of scientific literature published between 2020 and 2025. Peer-reviewed articles, policy documents, and institutional reports were selected from recognized databases such as Scopus, SciELO, ERIC, and IEEE Xplore. The analysis focused on inclusive education, psychological wellbeing, teacher training, socioemotional strategies, and educational policy. The results reveal that the most significant barriers to inclusive education are insufficient teacher training in inclusive and socioemotional practices (reported in 85% of the reviewed studies), the disconnect between pedagogical strategies and students’ psychological needs (78%), and the lack of adaptive educational resources (72%). Additionally, limited emotional support systems and weak institutional policies oriented toward wellbeing contribute to higher levels of demotivation and school dropout, particularly in vulnerable regions. Conversely, strategies such as Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) showed the highest perceived impact, with effectiveness scores of 4.6 and 4.4 out of 5, respectively. The study concludes that inclusive education cannot be achieved without systematically addressing students’ psychological wellbeing. Integrating socioemotional education, strengthening teacher training, and aligning public policies with inclusive and human-centered approaches are essential to fostering equitable, safe, and meaningful learning environments. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive educational models that connect pedagogical, emotional, and institutional dimensions.</jats:p>
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    Determining of university desertion: survival analysis
    University desertion is the subject of analysis by several authors over the years. The different causes for which a student abandons his studies and the ways to reduce it, entail the interest of the study. The research was positive with a quantitative approach. The data collection was carried out through a survey, and an observation sheet to the student’s files, we proceeded with the analysis of the Kaplan Meier survival curve, on a base made up of 1078 undergraduate students enrolled in the first semester. in 2014 with follow-up to 2019. It is concluded that the existing university dropout factors are personal and social. The incident variables are age, gender, marital status, region, school, family, venue, modality, homologation, and career. There are no significant differences in ethnicity, school, age and quintile, averages. © 2022, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved.
      105
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    Psychopedagogy and the Fields of Action of Educational Psychologists
    (2023)
    Castillo Bustos M.R.
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    This work analyzes the essential aspects of Psychopedagogy as a scientific discipline and educational psychologists’ main fields of action. It is theoretical research developed with the hermeneutic method. The problem identification reveals excessive divergences in Psychopedagogy’s conceptions and other aspects. In the empirical phase, little difference is observed between Psychopedagogy and psycho-pedagogical practice; Psychopedagogy has been generally and loosely linked to formal education, to unique or specific educational needs, and learning problems in the school context. Regarding the fields of action of educational psychologists, the existing information is minimal. In the interpretative phase, the findings in the theoretical, methodological, and praxeological order reveal that Psychopedagogy has as its object of study the learning and development of the human being; it directs the psycho-pedagogical practice given from the principles of prevention, development, and social action. Hence, the fields of action of psychopedagogy are all those contexts in which human learning takes place, highlighting formal education and integral development; family and interpersonal relationships; health and body care; business, labor, and professional development; and the meaning of life and values, all of which is supported by the fact that human beings, as social beings by essence, learn, develop and transform throughout life. © 2023, North American Business Press. All rights reserved.
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    Relationship Between Body Schema and Socioemotional Well-Being in Early Childhood: A Comparative Study
    The present study explores the deficiencies observed in the development of the body schema and the limited access to socio-emotional tools in early education students. The objective was to analyze the influence of the body schema on the socio-emotional well-being of boys and girls aged 4 to 5 years, belonging to the Teresa Flor Educational Unit, located in Ambato, Ecuador. With a quantitative approach and a quasi-experimental design of exploratory and explanatory scope, 47 students were evaluated using the Goodenough and Harris tests. Statistical tests were used to test the hypothesis that the development of the body schema positively impacts socioemotional well-being. The results revealed that greater development of the body schema is related to higher self-esteem, better emotional management and more effective social interaction. Objectively applied evaluations showed that children with greater knowledge of their body tend to manage their emotions better and establish stronger social relationships. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of promoting activities that encourage the development of the body schema, since they contribute significantly to socio-emotional well-being in early childhood. These findings highlight the need to incorporate socio-emotional tools and resources in educational programs to guarantee comprehensive development.
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    Gamification for psychomotor development: an experience with Genially in pre-school education
    Psychomotor skills in early childhood are notably affected due to the pandemic, which is why the objective of the research was to implement gamified strategies in Genially that seek to improve psychomotor development in early education, the research had a mixed and field approach, with a proposal in which 21 students participated for 4 weeks; before the application of the proposal and after it, tests were applied, where the results obtained fulfilled the expectations of improvement in the teaching process.
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