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Adaptive Jamming Mitigation for Clustered Energy-Efficient LoRa-BLE Hybrid Wireless Sensor Networks

2025 , Carolina Del-Valle-Soto , Leonardo J. Valdivia , Ramiro Velázquez , José A. Del-Puerto-Flores , Varela Aldas, José , Paolo Visconti

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Subjective Well-Being and Corruption in Latin America

2024 , Núñez-Naranjo, Aracelly Fernanda , Ximena Morales-Urrutia , Rodrigo Villegas

This study explores the impact of corruption on subjective well-being in Latin American countries, focusing on Chile, Ecuador, Argentina, Uruguay, Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru during the period 2017-2021. The research examines how perceptions of corruption affect key indicators such as education, health, income, and life satisfaction. Utilizing secondary data from the World Values Survey, a descriptive and explanatory methodology was employed, incorporating statistical analysis and ordinal logistic regression models. Findings reveal a complex relationship between corruption and subjective well-being, indicating that higher levels of education are associated with increased awareness of corruption, while economic stability, political trust, and life satisfaction show varied associations with perceived corruption. The study highlights regional differences and contextual factors influencing these dynamics, providing insights into the multifaceted effects of corruption on human development and overall well-being in Latin American populations.

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Environmental Sustainability in Industrial Operations: A Comprehensive Review

2024 , Espinoza Castro, Froilan , Lara Ramírez, Andy , Buele, Jorge

As industrial activities expand, their significant environmental impact calls for the adoption of sustainable practices to mitigate adverse effects on ecosystems and communities. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent literature from recognized databases such as Scopus, SciELO, IEEE Xplore and Latindex, focusing on articles published within the last five years that emphasize the implementation of sustainable strategies in industrial operations. Our findings highlight a range of implemented strategies across various sectors, including advancements in energy efficiency through technology integration and resource optimization. Despite these improvements, challenges such as high resource consumption and waste production persist, underscoring the ongoing conflict between industrial growth and environmental preservation. The review discusses case studies demonstrating both the environmental and economic benefits of sustainable practices, illustrating the potential for industry-wide improvements. Conclusively, while the industrial sector has made notable progress towards sustainability, substantial efforts are required to address inherent challenges such as the high costs of initial investments and general resistance to change. Future research should explore the development and application of innovative technologies tailored to specific industrial needs, aiming to foster a holistic approach to sustainability that integrates economic, social, and environmental aspects.

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Cloud Computing Platforms to Improve Shuar Chicham Writing Skills

2024 , Quezada-Sarmiento, Pablo Alejandro , Patricia Marisol Chango-Cañaveral , Jadán Guerrero, Janio , Washikiat Pedro Tsere-Juma

Higher education through virtual environments is centered on the student, oriented towards interactive learning, in situations that are close to the real world, for which teachers require new communicative, non-verbal skills and an innovative approach to learning, which will accompany their students. Students in the complex process of acquiring even more knowledge of a non-native language. In the same context, the use of open-source technology platforms is becoming the best way to deliver solutions that meet the current need for the process of acquiring an ancestral language, so in this document we will focus on the analysis and use of Cloud Computing Tools as an alternative to complementary material to improve writing skills in the process of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) in our case Shuar Chicham. Likewise, teachers should not focus only on online learning but also on interaction with students as Gibson (1993) states; thus, innovative technologies must be means that help reduce the digital technological gap, allowing solutions, answers and agile questions to be given within the teaching-learning process, which is visible with the use of cloud computing tools. Therefore, using cloud computing tools it was proposed to demonstrate if writing skills can be improved in students who learned Shuar Chicham basic.

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Identification of Areas for Improvement in Digital Pedagogical Competencies through Information Technologies, Communication, and Artificial Intelligence: An Innovative Approach in Teacher Training

2025 , Paola Andrea Arciniegas García , Marcos Chacón-Castro , Elizabeth Durán Romero , Jose Gerardo Chacon Rangel , Jadán Guerrero, Janio

Technological advances pose challenges for teachers at different educational levels, where the application of ICT strategies requires training and strengthening of digital skills, so it is essential to constantly update teachers to improve teaching in the long term. Thus, the objective of this research is to identify the areas of improvement regarding the digital competencies of educators for the optimization of their teaching practices through a training program mediated by ICT. Regarding the applied methodology, it was carried out under a sample of 27 secondary education teachers by means of a descriptive non-experimental design through a complementary mixed method that was developed in four phases: a) characterization of the digital competencies of the trainers. B) design of the strategy and training in digital competencies. C) implementation of the training strategy. And d) evaluation of the strategy. Among the findings, 74% of the sample reached satisfactory levels with respect to the training program, affirming that training in digital competencies, based on instructional design and evaluation models, achieves positive results, presenting a significant improvement in the digital competencies of teachers.

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Associations among MHC genes, latitude, and avian malaria infections in the rufous‐collared sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis)

2024 , Juan Rivero de Aguilar , Omar Barroso , Bonaccorso, Elisa , Hector Cadena , Lucas Hussing , Josefina Jorquera , Javier Martinez , Josué Martínez‐de la Puente , Alfonso Marzal , Fabiola León Miranda , Santiago Merino , Nubia E. Matta , Marilyn Ramenofsky , Ricardo Rozzi , Carlos E. Valeris‐Chacín , Rodrigo A. Vásquez , Juliana A. Vianna , John C. Wingfield

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a genetic region in jawed vertebrates that contains key genes involved in the immune response. Associations between the MHC and avian malaria infections in wild birds have been observed and mainly explored in the Northern Hemisphere, while a general lack of information remains in the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we investigated the associations between the MHC genes and infections with Plasmodium and Haemoproteus blood parasites along a latitudinal gradient in South America. We sampled 93 rufous-collared sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis) individuals from four countries, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Chile, and estimated MHC-I and MHC-II allele diversity. We detected between 1–4 (MHC-I) and 1–6 (MHC-II) amino acidic alleles per individual, with signs of positive selection. We obtained generalized additive mixed models to explore the associations between MHC-I and MHC-II diversity and latitude. We also explored the relationship between infection status and latitude/biome. We found a non-linear association between the MHC-II amino acidic allele diversity and latitude. Individuals from north Chile presented a lower MHC genetic diversity than those from other locations. We also found an association between deserts and xeric shrublands and a lower prevalence of Haemoproteus parasites. Our results support a lower MHC genetic in arid or semi-arid habitats in the region with the lower prevalence of Haemoproteus parasites.

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A Review of Technological Innovations in Rubber Recycling

2024 , Asubadin Espin, Pablo , De la Cruz, Rubén , Buele, Jorge

Rubber waste management poses a significant environmental challenge globally, exacerbated by the growing production of tires and limited recycling capacity in various industries. This study addresses the need for innovations in rubber recycling by identifying economic and structural barriers that hinder the effective implementation of advanced technologies. The goal is to analyze and evaluate technological innovations, such as enhanced tire marking and pyrolysis, and their potential to improve recycling efficiency and promote a circular economy. The methodology involved a systematic review of the literature, covering recent studies on recycling technology and extended producer responsibility models. Recovery rates of rubber below 4% were identified in some regions, highlighting the urgency of adopting these innovations. The main findings indicate that while technologies like pyrolysis can transform waste into valuable resources, their implementation remains limited due to a lack of infrastructure and economic support. It is emphasized that although promising solutions exist, their success depends on a comprehensive approach that considers socioeconomic realities and the need for supportive policies and public awareness.

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Virtual Reality and User Experience: Current Trends and Future Challenges

2025 , Avilés-Castillo, Fátima , Buele, Jorge , Guillermo Palacios-Navarro

Virtual reality is an emerging and versatile technology that is gaining increasing interest from the scientific community, particularly regarding user experience. A review of the literature highlights the need for updated analyses that comprehensively address current trends in this field. The objective of this study is to analyze the evolution of scientific publications related to virtual reality and user experience, identifying trends, the most influential authors, relevant journals, and international collaborations, to provide a comprehensive overview. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection database, identifying a total of 1,848 relevant publications. Network analysis techniques and Bradford’s law were applied, allowing for the examination of the distribution and impact of publications, as well as collaboration between authors and institutions. The results show an exponential growth in scientific output, particularly since 2019. While the United States leads in the number of publications, most of the influential authors are from Europe, with notable scientific output in Spain and Portugal. Current research hotspots include virtual reality applications in education and healthcare (over 70% of the analyzed publications), which align with Sustainable Development Goals, particularly 3 and 4. Trends indicate a shift towards integrating virtual reality with artificial intelligence, adaptive systems, and multisensory interaction to enhance immersion and usability. Challenges include a lack of standardized methodologies to assess immersion, presence, and cognitive load, which limits comparisons across studies and hinders the development of best practices. Future research should focus on refining interaction paradigms, improving accessibility, and developing ethical frameworks that respect data privacy and protect the user from cybersickness and the psychological effects of prolonged virtual reality exposure.

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Meaningful Learning of Natural Sciences Based on PBL

2024 , Becerra García, Eulalia , Erika Telenchana Perez , Carina Arroba Naranjo , Mora Rosales, José

Education requires going beyond educational approaches focused on the transmission and reception of knowledge, through actions that promote meaningful learning. Project-based learning (PBL) is presented as an active methodology to improve the teaching-learning process that allows not only to expand communication skills but also to encourage creativity and awareness for research in students. The objective of this research was to design a guide of didactic activities based on promoting learning through projects from the academic planning, execution and evaluation phases, in order to motivate students through cooperative work and research to solve contextual challenges or problems. Theoretical methods were used: historical analysis, analytical-synthetic, inductive – deductive and techniques such as surveys with questionnaires. This study’s population had 37 seventeen- years- old students from elementary education and 4 teachers from the area of natural sciences. The findings show that teachers face weaknesses related to the use of strategies; therefore, the need to design a guide that promotes PBL activities is necessary. It is evident that students can highly improve with the application of the mentioned guide.

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Simulation of the Flow Behavior in the Storage Tank of a Hydropower Using OpenFOAM

2024 , Roberto Salazar Achig , Víctor Hidalgo , Stalyn Simbaña , Jorge Gavilanes

The present research focused on the simulation of the storage tank of the Illuchi power plant, using OpenFOAM open source software. It began with photogrammetry by drone to survey the geometry of the water storage structure, then it was modeled by computer-aided design (CAD) software for export in STL file, thus being able to use the snappyHexMeshDict tool in the generation of the internal meshing of the flow in addition to the interFoam solver for incompressible fluids and the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method to solve the equations of conservation of mass, energy and quantity of momentum in multiphase flow. By obtaining an optimal mesh of the geometry, it was possible to reproduce the turbulence with the k-ϵ RNG model, which approximately represented the phenomenon of turbulence in the tanks. ParaView and Gnuplot were used for the visualization and analysis of the results for their respective validation with experimental values. Finally, after 594 h of computer processing, global results of the reproduction of the phenomenon of the experimental part were obtained with an error of 5.44% in the numerical part for the Illuchi plant with respect to the measurement of flows at the outlets of the pressure pipes, obtaining flow characteristics that could be captured in the simulation