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Influence of continuous navigation modes on the immersive experience in a virtual supermarket
(2026)
Avilés-Castillo, Fátima
;
Buele, Jorge
;
Marco Salazar
;
Guillermo Palacios-Navarro
Introduction: Virtual reality has established itself as an effective tool for analyzing user experience and simulating everyday activities. However, there are still many questions remaining, such as how the type of movement in immersive environments influences this experience. The present study evaluated these variables in a virtual supermarket developed for Oculus Quest 2, with the aim of comparing the perceptual and cognitive experience under two navigation modalities: locomotion and joystick. Methods: Twenty-two young adults (18–32 years old) participated in both groups. Usability (SUS), presence (PQ), everyday memory (PRMQ), and cybersickness (CSQ-VR) questionnaires were administered, all with moderate and high reliability (α = 0.685–0.912). Results: The results showed high levels of usability in both conditions (SUS ≥79), with no statistically significant differences between navigation modes (p = 0.521). Natural presence was significantly higher in locomotion mode (6.17 vs. 5.47); however, this result should be interpreted with caution, as it was derived from exploratory subscale-level analyses (p = 0.038). Cybersickness symptoms remained low (p > 0.05). A very strong positive correlation was also observed between usability and presence in the joystick group (ρ = 0.902; p < 0.001), indicating that interaction fluidity enhances immersion. Discussion: Both modes were ergonomic and safe, although with distinct profiles: physical locomotion increased perceptual naturalness, while the joystick reinforced the relationship between ease of use and immersion. These findings provide empirical evidence on how movement modulates the immersive experience and propose an experimental model, with implications for the design of virtual environments applicable to different populations in the future. Copyright © 2026 Avilés-Castillo, Buele, Salazar and Palacios-Navarro.
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The Role of Virtual Reality in Promoting Sustainability
(2025)
Buele, Jorge
;
Harlem Miranda
;
Alex David Muyulema-Mayorga
;
Avilés-Castillo, Fátima
;
Guillermo Palacios-Navarro
In a global context where sustainability has become a central challenge, immersive virtual reality emerges as a promising tool to address environmental, social, and economic problems. This study explores the potential of immersive virtual reality and virtual prototyping to foster sustainability. Using a theoretical approach and PRISMA methodology, relevant articles on this topic were selected and rigorously evaluated. The search strategy included the Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, APA PsycNET, and SpringerLink databases, using terms related to virtual reality and sustainability. Ten studies were included, indicating that virtual reality, by providing a deeply immersive experience, not only enhances the perception and understanding of sustainability issues but also motivates significant behavioral changes towards more sustainable practices. It is highlighted that virtual reality is more effective than non-immersive learning methods in terms of emotional and cognitive impact, which underlines its value as an educational and awareness-raising tool. Furthermore, it can offer practical solutions to create a more sustainable environment by reducing the environmental footprint, such as decreasing the need for physical travel through virtual meetings or implementing telemedicine to support human health. Despite these promising applications, the need for further empirical research is recognized to explore the variability of responses among different demographic groups and to validate these findings in real-world contexts. Additionally, the development and optimization of virtual environments is suggested to increase the effectiveness of sustainable interventions.
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Optimization of Electric Transformer Operation Through Load Estimation Based on the K-Means Algorithm
(2025)
Pedro Torres-Bermeo
;
Varela Aldas, José
;
Kevin López-Eugenio
;
Nancy Velasco
;
Guillermo Palacios-Navarro
This study presents an innovative methodology to optimize the operation of distribution transformers through the estimation of hourly load curves, aimed at minimizing technical losses due to oversizing, particularly in systems lacking advanced metering infrastructure. The proposed approach combines clustering techniques, K-Means with DTW, to identify representative daily consumption patterns and a supervised model based on LightGBM to estimate hourly load curves for unmetered transformers, using customer characteristics as input. These estimated curves are integrated into a process that calculates technical losses, both no-load and load losses, for different transformer sizes, selecting the optimal rating that minimizes losses without compromising demand. Empirical validation showed accuracy levels of 95.6%, 95.29%, and 98.14% at an individual transformer, feeder, and a complete electrical system with 16,864 transformers, respectively. The application of the methodology to a real distribution system revealed a potential annual energy savings of 3004 MWh, equivalent to an estimated economic reduction of 150,238 USD.
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