Ramos Galarza, Carlos

Preferred name

Main Affiliation

Centro de investigación en Mecatrónica y Sistemas Interactivos

Quito

carlosramos@uti.edu.ec

ORCID

0000-0001-5614-1994

Scopus Author ID

57219164869

Now showing 1 - 10 of 117

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Artificial Intelligence and Tomorrow’s Education
(2021)
Cóndor-Herrera, Omar
;
Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio
;
Jadán Guerrero, Janio
;
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
Nowadays, there is a rapid technological progress around the world that has enabled realities long ago unimaginable. We live in a technological era that represents new possibilities and challenges for society, and for the educational models in each country [1]. Research on smart education, which has forced the educational community to rethink on new ways of learning and teaching has been developed globally. Due to the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), the educational model for both, teachers and students will change. Nevertheless, to transform educational systems, it is necessary to update and train students, educators, and administrators effectively [2]. This research aims to describe the possible applications of AI in education from: 1) the automation of administrative tasks; 2) collection and analysis of information [3] to create smart content; 3) the implementation of virtual assistants in the teaching-learning process; 4) the potential delivery of lectures by humanoid robots with AI. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Scopus© Citations 3 38
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Scale reduced to value the sense of coherence: SOC 15 [Escala Reducida Para Valorar el Sentido de Coherencia: SOC 15]
(2019)
Ortiz-Granja D.
;
Acosta-Rodas P.
;
Lepe-Martínez N.
;
Valle M.D.
;
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
Introduction: The sense of coherence is a construct of health that allows the individual to face difficult situations of life. It is configured by three factors: meaning, understanding and management. As a method of assessment of this construct, has been proposed the SOC scale with 29 items in its original version. Objective: The objective of this study is to propose a reduced SOC scale. Methods: We worked with a sample of 445 healthy participants from Quito-Ecuador, 145 men (32.5%) and 300 women (67.4%). Results: It was obtained that the reduced scale of 15 items presents an adequate internal consistency in its three factors: understanding α= .74, management α= .82 and meaning α= .82. In the confirmatory factor analysis, an acceptable adjustment of the reduced model was found (SOC-15) x2= 317.90, DF= 87, p= &lt;. 001, CFI= .92, RMSEA= .07 (.06-.08) and SRMR= .04. Conclusions: The data is discussed in relation to the benefits of counting with a reduced scale for its future application in the clinical and health scientific context. © 2019 Fundacion para la difusion neurologica en Ecuador - FUNDINE. All rights reserved.
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The abandonment of statistics in Psychology of Ecuador [El abandono de la Estadística en la Psicología de Ecuador]
(2017)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
[No abstract available]
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Neuropsychological evaluation of inhibitory control and interference control: Validation of experimental tasks in the ecuadorian context
(2017)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
;
Jadán Guerrero, Janio
;
Ramos D.
;
Bolaños M.
;
Ramos V.
This article reports a study in which three experimental tasks (SIMON, Go / No-Go and Stroop Victoria) were adapted and validated to evaluate the inhibitory control and interference control in a sample of Ecuadorian students. The sample consisted of 100 students between 6 and 15 years old (M = 10.13 years, SD = 2.48) belonging to the public education system of Ecuador. The process followed in the adaptation and validation was through the linguistic translation of the experiments, followed by an expert judgment and a pilot study. In the results it was found that there are no statistically significant differences in the measures that assess the inhibitory control and the interference considering the sociodemographic variables of the participants as comparison factors. In the correlation analysis we found a statistically significant association between the measurements of the experiments. We conclude by analyzing the associations found and underlining the need to continue providing evidence in the research line of adaptation and validation of test for using in neuropsychological evaluation.
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Proposal for an evaluation scale of executive functions in university students [Propuesta de una escala de valoración de las funciones ejecutivas en universitarios]
(2021)
López-Cárdenas M.J.
;
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
Introduction. The executive functions constitute a set of cognitive, affective and motivational processes, which allow the conscious control of thought, development of highly complex tasks, that is going to facilitate the adaptation to new situations, it is therefore necessary the contribution of new evaluation methodologies of executive functions centered on the university population, this is going to facilitate the access to check the cognitive processes of the pre-frontal cortex. Objective. Evaluate executive functions in university students between 18 and 25 years of age using a self-report scale. Subjects and method. 752 university students from Quito-Ecuador participated, aged between 18 and 25 years old, of whom 498 (66.2%) were female and 254 (33.8%) were male. As measuring reagent, the scale used to evaluate the executive functions in self-report was proposed in the project: Neuropsychological Systems for Supervision of Cognition and Behavior for the Benefit of Managing the Learning of Higher Education Students. Results. Exploratory factor analysis reported an organization of 8 executive functions that explain 57% of the variance of the construct (p = <.001). An adequate level of reliability was obtained between α =.70 and.86, a factor was eliminated since its level of reliability was very low and did not improve under any statistical procedure. The correlation between the proposed factors was adequate at a median magnitude r =.67 and.39. Conclusion. The results show that the proposed scale is based on situations in the student's daily life, this scale design allows identifying both pathological situations and conditions that affect the quality of life and development in the university environment. Furthermore, psychometric indicators provide evidence in favor of their reliable use in the university context. © 2020 Fundacion para la difusion neurologica en Ecuador - FUNDINE. All rights reserved.
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Advancements in Assistive Robotics: A Systematic Review of Inclusive Technologies for People With Disabilities
(2025)
Zapata, Mireya
;
Diego Guevara
;
Jennifer Obregón
;
Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio
;
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
According to the World Health Organization, approximately 16% of the global population lives with some form of disability, be it physical, sensory, intellectual, or psychosocial. Individuals with disabilities face numerous challenges related to mobility, communication, access to education, and other essential aspects of daily life. In this context, robotic technologies have emerged as innovative solutions aimed at improving autonomy, rehabilitation, and social inclusion. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the scientific evidence on robotic technologies developed to support people with disabilities. More specifically, the review sought to analyze the temporal and geographical distribution of research, classify the types of robotic technologies and their applications, examine methodological characteristics and participant demographics, and highlight the key contributions and gaps reported in the included studies. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore. From an initial pool of 6,290 articles, 89 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The results were categorized into five main themes: publication trends, types of robotic technologies and applications, methodological characteristics, participant demographics, and key contributions. The findings reveal a strong concentration of research on articulated robots for physical disabilities, alongside limited exploration of intellectual, sensory, and psychosocial contexts. While robotic interventions demonstrate significant potential for rehabilitation and daily assistance, challenges remain regarding sample sizes, diversity of disabilities addressed, and long-term validation studies. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the state of the art in assistive robotics and identifies future research directions to enhance inclusion, accessibility, and clinical integration
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Telemedicine in Mental Health: Systematic Review of Online Psychological Therapy
(2024)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
;
Patricia García-Cruz
;
Brenda Guerrero
;
Mónica Bolaños-Pasquel
This process emerged strongly in the coronavirus pandemic that humanity recently experienced and has now established itself as a valid tool for diagnostic and treatment processes in psychology. In this article we present a systematic review of research that has developed technology in favor of psychological care through telemedicine. We found 710 studies and after processing them with inclusion and exclusion criteria we ended up with a sample of 12 papers that were analyzed. In the results it was found that North America (33%) is the context where most research on telemedicine in psychology is carried out. Most of the remote technology is used in treatment processes (91.67%). Psychological treatments for psychopathological disorders (33.33%) are the main objects of intervention in telemedicine for psychology. As for the psychological approach applied in research, cognitive behavioral therapy (41.67%) is the most used. In the discussion we talked about the benefits and limitations of telemedicine and the challenges of its implementation in psychological care processes
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Low-Cost Human–Machine Interface for Computer Control with Facial Landmark Detection and Voice Commands
(2022)
Ramos, P.
;
Zapata, Mireya
;
Valencia, K.
;
Vargas, V.
;
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
Nowadays, daily life involves the extensive use of computers, since human beings are immersed in a technological society. Therefore, it is mandatory to interact with computers, which represents a true disadvantage for people with upper limb disabilities. In this context, this work aims to develop an interface for emulating mouse and keyboard functions (EMKEY) by applying concepts of artificial vision and voice recognition to replace the use of hands. Pointer control is achieved by head movement, whereas voice recognition is used to perform interface functionalities, including speech-to-text transcription. To evaluate the interface’s usability and usefulness, two studies were carried out. The first study was performed with 30 participants without physical disabilities. Throughout this study, there were significant correlations found between the emulator’s usability and aspects such as adaptability, execution time, and the participant’s age. In the second study, the use of the emulator was analyzed by four participants with motor disabilities. It was found that the interface was best used by the participant with cerebral palsy, followed by the participants with upper limb paralysis, spina bifida, and muscular dystrophy. In general, the results show that the proposed interface is easy to use, practical, fairly accurate, and works on a wide range of computers. © 2022 by the authors.
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Impact of Technological Development on Human Cognitive Functioning
(2024)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
;
Patricia García-Cruz
;
Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
;
Bolaños-Pasquel, Mónica
Human beings have several cognitive functions (memory, attention, language, perception, executive functions and others) that allow them to perform all their daily activities. In the context of the stimulation of human cognitive functions, classic activities based on tangible resources such as pencil and paper have been developed. In this context, there is an opportunity for technological development to make proposals to create games that stimulate human mental abilities. In this context, this article reports a quantitative systematic review of research about games to cognitive stimulation. Among the main results obtained, games that stimulate skills such as perception, attention, memory, executive functions, psychomotor skills and information processing speed were identified. The following are some of the results processed in this systematic review.
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Systematic Review of Executive Function Stimulation Methods in the ADHD Population
(2024)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
;
Deyaneira Brito
;
Brayan Rodríguez
;
Brenda Guerrero
;
Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge
Background/Objectives: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by elevated motor activity, impulsivity, and attention deficit. Approximately 5% of the population suffers from this disorder. Among the key explanations of ADHD, executive functions play an important role in understanding the symptomatology present in this disorder and in determining the main treatment strategies for affected patients. We present a systematic review that seeks to identify the treatment methods developed to support executive functions in individuals with ADHD. Methods: Articles were analyzed in the SCOPUS, PUBMED, and Science Direct databases. Initially, 739 articles were found. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 articles remained and were included in the data extraction process. Results: Among the primary treatments identified, 14 studies propose psychological training for executive functions, 9 studies recommend medication, 5 studies suggest digital interventions, and 1 study advocates for sports as beneficial for executive functions. Conclusions: The data are discussed around the need to develop new proposals to enhance the executive functions of individuals with ADHD, thereby improving their performance in educational, personal, social, and family activities impacted by this disorder.
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Ramos Galarza, Carlos

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