Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas
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Occupational Risks: A Comparative Study of the Most Common Indicators in Uruguay, Cuba and Ecuador

2023 , Acosta Pérez, Paul Bladimir , Espinosa Pinos, Carlos Alberto , Acuña Mayorga, José Miguel , Lascano Arias, Giovanni

Efficiency and effectiveness in daily work activities demand the control of processes, those elements that can affect the health of employees known as occupational risks. The objective of this study was to identify indicators of more frequent labor risks in the countries of Uruguay, Cuba and Ecuador, for which a bibliographic compilation was carried out, as well as a descriptive analysis of the indicators of occupational risk. The results show that the countries analyzed coincide as the highest index of risks to manufacturing industries. It is concluded that the international regulations and conventions that govern safety have been accepted by the different countries that make them up, mainly in the statistical registry of accidents, reports, affiliates among others. Finally, policies aimed at the prevention, detection, monitoring and eradication of occupational risks in the workplace must be established. © 2023 IEEE.

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Virtual learning environments as an alternative in the teaching of critical medicine

2022 , Dillon F. , Jara F. , Rojas, David , Freire Muñoz, Irina

The general objective of this research work was to determine the feasibility of incorporating EVA as a didactic alternative in the teaching of critical medicine in postgraduate students. The research paradigm was of a propositive critical type with a mixed descriptive, explanatory, and correlational approach. The study population was selected through an intentional sampling for convenience and was made up of 90 students and 23 teachers of the postgraduate degree in Critical Medicine from two private universities in Ecuador. The research instruments used were two multiple-choice surveys with a single response on a Likert scale that, prior to their application, were validated and are reliable. The results obtained made it possible to determine the feasibility of incorporating EVAs in the academic training of critical medicine postgraduate students, thus also allowing the reduction of hospital absence times due to the academic training received virtually. © 2022, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved.

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Design of the Attitudinal Assessment Scale Towards Artificial Intelligence (EVAIA-1)

2023 , Subia Arellano, Andrés , Pérez-Vega D. , Guillen-Garcia S. , Cáceres-Fierro N.

In recent years, the exponential growth of artificial intelligence as a technological tool at the service of human beings has led to an ethical debate about its future implication. The existing instruments to evaluate attitudes towards artificial intelligence have non-specific dimensions and are designed for populations different from the Spanish-speaking. In this sense, it is necessary to have valid, reliable, and contextualized tools to evaluate people's attitudes toward the use of artificial intelligence. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop an attitudinal rating scale for artificial intelligence. There were 604 volunteer participants between 18 and 55 years of age, 311 men and 293 women. Bartlett's test of sphericity showed a significant result (approximate chi-square = 1502. 7862387833S;p <.001), and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test of sample adequacy showed an index of.825. With this, it was considered feasible to factorize the data matrix, and thanks to the factor analysis, three components explain 52.76% of the total rotated variance. In addition, a high internal consistency index was obtained for the 12 items of the inventory (0.768). These findings indicate that the EVAIA-I is a valid and reliable tool to evaluate the attitude towards artificial intelligence in Ecuador and other Latin American countries. © 2023 IEEE.

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Bibliometric Analysis of Mental Health Research in Populations Affected by Natural Disasters

2023 , Espinosa Pinos, Carlos Alberto , Lascano-Arias G.S. , Acosta Pérez, Paul Bladimir , Acuña Mayorga, José Miguel

The number of climate-related disasters has tripled over the past 30 years, culminating in the last two periods during catastrophic climate disasters worldwide such as Cyclone Idai, deadly heat waves in India, Pakistan, and Europe; and floods in Southeast Asia. Because natural disasters can have severe consequences for affected people's mental health, this study aims to identify trends and patterns in scientific production related to the mental health of people affected by natural risks. Five hundred thirty-two relevant articles were initially identified from the Scopus database in February 2023. Based on descriptive results, the number of scientific publications increased steadily from 2019 to 2022, albeit slowly in recent years, with the main publication form being articles, followed by articles, abstracts, and book chapters, conference papers, editorials, memos, books, letters, and short surveys. Among the fields, medicine had the most articles, followed by social sciences, psychology, environmental sciences, earth and planetary sciences, engineering, nursing, computer sciences, arts and humanity, neurosciences, business, economics, energy, chemistry, biology, and health. Co-occurrence analysis of terms of titles and abstracts identified four themes: 1) impact of natural disasters on mental health and COVID-19 and risk management; 2) the effect of forest fires on the mental health of the affected population; 3) earthquakes and tsunamis affect the mental health of the affected population; and 4) resilience and social support in psychological adjustment during pregnancy. A longitudinal analysis based on titles and abstracts showed how the focus shifted from initial associations between natural disasters and the physical and mental health of survivors (in 2018) to the association between natural disasters and cardiovascular disease and traumatic experiences and postpartum depressive symptoms (at the beginning 2023). This study concludes by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of the findings and showing how an area of particular interest for future research is the study of community mental health resilience as an intervention strategy to mitigate the negative effects of natural disasters in disaster-affected communities. © 2023 IEEE.

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Towards an understanding and expansion of the phenomenon of the expert patient

2017 , Barbón-Pérez O.G. , Pimienta-Concepción I. , Gómez Aillón D.A.

[No abstract available]

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Psychometric properties of the Escala de Gravedad de Síntomas Revisada del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (EGS-R) in adults in Ecuador after the Covid-19 pandemic

2024 , Moreta-Herrera R. , Núñez-Núñez M. , Lascano Arias, Giovanni , Mascialino G. , Rodríguez-Lorenzana A.

Objective: This study aims to assess the validity of the Escala de Gravedad de Síntomas Revisada del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (EGS-R) among adults in Ecuador within the post-pandemic context of Covid-19. Methods: Descriptive and instrumental design. Participants: 537 participants from Ambato, Ecuador, comprising 44.1% men and 55.9% women, aged 18 to 65 years (M = 24.36; SD = 8.87). Among the participants, 64.6% had experienced Covid-19, while 35.4% had not. Results: The EGS-R exhibits a hierarchical factorial structure, demonstrating measurement equivalence between participants who experienced Covid-19 and those who did not. Significant differences emerged between the groups, with individuals who had contracted Covid-19 displaying a higher symptom burden, thereby establishing the discriminant validity of the measure. The scale also exhibits validity concerning other variables, such as stress perception, and demonstrates satisfactory internal consistency among its scores. Conclusions: The EGS-R proves to be a valuable tool for assessing adults in Ecuador for potential indicators of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PSTD) given the robust evidence of validity and reliability, affirming its utility and evaluative capacity in this population. © 2024

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Emotional State of Teachers and University Administrative Staff in the Return to Face-to-Face Mode

2022 , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio , Guadalupe-Lanas, J. , Pérez Vega, Doris , Artola-Jarrín, V. , Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge

Social distancing and security measures have contained the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, the return to face-to-face activities is necessary for specific companies, and some higher education institutions have already done so. The various disorders that this new reality could generate have motivated the present study, which aims to analyze the emotional state of teachers and administrative staff. The instrument used was the abbreviated depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21), with an internal consistency index of 0.87. The methodology was based on applying a survey to 202 participants from Quito, Ecuador. The sample consisted of 97 men and 105 women aged between 23 and 59 years. A quantitative and cross-sectional design was used in this research. The results show that 40.1% of the respondents presented anxiety, 36.63% depression, and 38.61% stress between mild and highly severe categories. Additionally, when analyzing the depression, anxiety, and stress levels compared to productivity variables, we found that five disorders, i.e., fear, anxiety, over reactivity, skeletal muscle effects, and dysphoria, directly affect productivity variables, such as performing simple tasks, performing difficult tasks, the number of products made, and the number of products rejected. Thus, returning to face-to-face mode has affected the emotional state of many people, showing differences according to the job position, with anxiety being the highest self-identified incidence rate. © 2022 by the authors.

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Tití App, an Interactive Psycho-Pedagogical Recovery Tool: A Pilot Study

2022 , Gordón J. , Caicedo, Andrés , Subia Arellano, Andrés

The acquisition of reading and writing is a complex and decisive process for the knowledge appropriation of children and their culturalization; similarly, the number of children who do not achieve the expected literacy level for their age and schooling is also a matter of concern. One of the explanations lies in the learning situation, which regularly develops in a classroom. Nowadays, the incorporation of new technologies that include smartphones and tablets as learning-enhancing resources is crucial. Due to the absence of contextualized tools for the Ecuadorian population, Tití application is proposed. It is focused on reducing the errors in children’s reading by solving tasks that are based on the errors determined in the literacy analysis test, TALE, in a contextualized and motivating digital scenario. The user-centered design is the basis for the construction of this tool with characteristics that are specific to Ecuador such as the use of the Spanish language in an Ecuadorian context, navigation on a map of Ecuador, and rescue of endangered endemic animals. This allows children to identify with their environment and engage in the dynamics of the tool. In the research, a repeated measures study design was applied to assess statistically significant differences between a first and second evaluation. A marked decrease in the number of errors in the elements of the TALE test can be observed. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Self-regulation of Learning and Personality: a Predictive Study in University Students from the Ecuadorian Highlands

2023 , Males-Villegas A.D , Sandoval-Díaz J. , Males Villegas, María Soledad

This research analyzes the psychometric properties, the influence of sociodemographic variables, the level of association and prediction between Zimmerman's self-regulation model of learning and Zuckerman's psychobiological model of personality in university students from the Ecuadorian highlands. A total of 394 undergraduate students from the cities of Quito, Ambato and Loja were surveyed by non-probabilistic sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, reliability methods, content and construct validation, Spearman's correlation and multiple linear regression using software and technological tools. The results show: a) reliability and validity of the ISLP and ZKPQ-50cc instruments, b) gender and age influence on personality traits, while study modality influences self-regulation of learning and personality, c) personality traits reveal low and medium relationships with self-regulation of learning and d) personality traits of: activity, aggression-hostility and neuroticism-anxiety influence on self-regulation of learning. © 2023 IEEE.

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Predicting Academic Performance in Psychology Students from Their Social Skills Using Classification Algorithms

2023 , Espinosa-Pinos C.A. , Vasco-Álvarez M.M. , Cisneros-Bedón J.L. , Labre Tarco, Verónica

The high academic performance of students is the result of several factors, one of them being the development of social skills. Social skills allow students to face different circumstances, such as academic, personal, or professional. Students who develop these skills can quickly adapt to stressful and conflictive situations, generating complete well-being that facilitates learning, reflected in their academic performance. This study is critical because it helps educators identify students at risk of poor academic performance and provide adequate academic support. The research aims to identify predictors of academic performance based on social skills through knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) to clean data using classification algorithms, specifically Random Forest. To collect the data, a sociodemographic form, and the Social Skills Scale (SSS) were applied to 93 students of General Psychology, face-to-face modality, at Indoamerica University. The research results indicate that academic performance predictors are linked to gender and social skills, such as the ability to say no and cut interactions and the expression of states or disagreement. These findings suggest structuring support programs, academic guidance, and social skills development to improve academic performance and future career success. In conclusion, the research provides a new perspective to work in student welfare departments to improve students' academic performance. © 2023 IEEE.

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