Facultad de Ingenierías
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System Identification and Nonlinear Model Predictive Control with Collision Avoidance Applied in Hexacopters UAVs

2022 , Recalde, Luis , Guevara, B.S. , Carvajal, C.P. , Andaluz, V.H. , Varela Aldas, José , Gandolfo, D.C.

Accurate trajectory tracking is a critical property of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) due to system nonlinearities, under-actuated properties and constraints. Specifically, the use of unmanned rotorcrafts with accuracy trajectory tracking controllers in dynamic environments has the potential to improve the fields of environment monitoring, safety, search and rescue, border surveillance, geology and mining, agriculture industry, and traffic control. Monitoring operations in dynamic environments produce significant complications with respect to accuracy and obstacles in the surrounding environment and, in many cases, it is difficult to perform even with state-of-the-art controllers. This work presents a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) with collision avoidance for hexacopters’ trajectory tracking in dynamic environments, as well as shows a comparative study between the accuracies of the Euler–Lagrange formulation and the dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) models in order to find the precise representation of the system dynamics. The proposed controller includes limits on the maneuverability velocities, system dynamics, obstacles and the tracking error in the optimization control problem (OCP). In order to show the good performance of this control proposal, computational simulations and real experiments were carried out using a six rotary-wind unmanned aerial vehicle (hexacopter—DJI MATRICE 600). The experimental results prove the good performance of the predictive scheme and its ability to regenerate the optimal control policy. Simulation results expand the proposed controller in simulating highly dynamic environments that showing the scalability of the controller. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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Virtual Reality System for training in the detection and solution of failures in induction motors

2021 , Caiza G. , Riofrio-Morales M. , Veronica Gallo C. , Santiago Alvarez T. , Lopez W.O. , Garcia M.V.

The changing industrial world in which we find ourselves has forced companies to evolve technologically, restructuring their processes and improving their human resources skills. The acceptance by management of a fourth industrial revolution in transition to a fifth has led them to look for an economical way to stay updated and with the necessary skills to optimize their production chain. This work presents the development of virtual reality (VR) system for training in detecting faults in three-phase electric motors. A sample of 30 people was used, homogeneously divided into a control group and an experimental group. To evaluate the VR systems usability, the System Usability Scale (SUS) was used, obtaining an average value of 73.33, classifying the system as efficient for the proposed task. On the other hand, in terms of time and knowledge retention, the performance of this system was compared with the execution of a conventional one. For the training time, an optimization of 57.73% was obtained, while through a p-value of 0.000003, it was confirmed that this VR system provides a novel teaching methodology for the instruction and retention of technical knowledge. © 2021 The Authors.

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Sustainable Development in Higher Education Curricula for Software Engineering Chairs

2023 , León Toro, Jenny Marcela , Buele, Jorge , Camino-Morejón V.M. , Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio

Nowadays, society demands that high quality teaching practices must be part of the curriculum in higher education institutions. The interdisciplinarity view of the contents taught has made the technical aspects of engineering merge with social, cultural, and economic nuances. In this sense, the new generations of students show their interest in learning and carrying out activities that contribute to sustainability, for this reason, the inclusion of ecological themes in the subjects of computer science and software career is required. A bibliographical analysis was carried out that allowed recognition of main concepts and methodologies applied to the subject. As a result of them, an adjustment of chairs is presented allowing integrating conventional teaching with the new trends of green technology. Reforms were implemented from introductory courses to theoretical knowledge of green software, to the development of web applications with the same approach. In the same way, it involves the management of computer projects, modeling, monitoring, and optimization of resources, and green evaluation. According to the socio-educational model, the articulation between technology and sustainability will allow managing software projects that provide real solutions to problems in context. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Elaboration of the Laboratory Test Protocol for Asynchronous Alternating Current Electric Motors at Company, Located in the City of Quito

2023 , Segura, Juan , Enriquez A. , Arteaga, Gerardo , Topon-Visarrea B.

This article analyzes a company dedicated to providing integral and engineering solutions to industries. The company does not have the necessary protocols to perform satisfactorily the operation tests to three-phase asynchronous alternating current motors. Due to the above mentioned, it is necessary for the organization to have the mentioned protocols for a good development of its activities, customer satisfaction, reduction of reprocesses and a possible certification. To solve the problem, we proceed to adapt the process and the respective sub-processes concerning the AC motor operation tests, with respect to the NTE INEN 2 498:2009 standard in force in Ecuador. The same is adapted to the requirements of the organization to develop the protocols for each of the tests indicated in the standard. In addition, flow diagrams based on the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) standard are prepared for each of the subprocesses that make up the test protocol in the engines under study. The protocols are made up of four ranges for the execution of the tests to the engines; each one of them aimed at a correct performance of the tests to comply with the standards, minimize reprocesses and achieve customer satisfaction. Likewise, the flow charts are a graphic representation of the steps to be followed in each subprocess, which contributes to a better interpretation of the same by the operator. With the implementation of this protocol, a substantial increase in compliance with the quality standards established by the norm is expected, together with a reduction in reprocesses, which were initially at a percentage of 26, 16 and 21% for the years 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. Allowing the creation of favorable conditions in the organization so that it can aspire to a future certification of its processes by national and international entities. © 2023 IEEE.

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Pólya’s Methodology for Strengthening Problem-Solving Skills in Differential Equations: A Case Study in Colombia

2023 , Chacón-Castro M. , Buele, Jorge , López-Rueda A.D. , Jadán-Guerrero J.

The formation of students is integral to education. Strengthening critical thinking and reasoning are essential for the professionals that today’s world needs. For this reason, the authors of this article applied Pólya’s methodology, an initiative based on observing students’ difficulties when facing mathematical problems. The present study is part of the qualitative and quantitative research paradigm and the action research methodology. In this study, the inquiry process was inductive, the sample is non-probabilistic, and the data interpretation strategy is descriptive. As a case study, six students were enrolled onto a differential equations course at the Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga. A didactic process was designed using information and communication technologies (ICTs) in five sequences that address first-order differential equation applications. As a result of the pedagogical intervention, problem-solving skills were strengthened. All this was based on asking the right questions, repeated reading, identifying and defining variables, mathematization, communication, and decomposing the problem into subproblems. This research study seeks to set a precedent in the Latin American region that will be the basis for future studies. © 2023 by the authors.

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Recurrent neural networks and ARIMA models for euro/dollar exchange rate forecasting

2021 , Escudero P. , Alcocer W. , Paredes J.

Analyzing the future behaviors of currency pairs represents a priority for governments, financial institutions, and investors, who use this type of analysis to understand the economic situation of a country and determine when to sell and buy goods or services from a particular location. Several models are used to forecast this type of time series with reasonable accuracy. However, due to the random behavior of these time series, achieving good forecasting performance represents a significant challenge. In this paper, we compare forecasting models to evaluate their accuracy in the short term using data on the EUR/USD exchange rate. For this purpose, we used three methods: Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) of the Elman type, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The analyzed period spanned from 2 January 1998, to 31 December 2019, and was divided into training and validation datasets. We performed forecasting calculations to predict windows with six different forecasting horizons. We found that the window of one month with 22 observations better matched the validation dataset in the short term compared to the other windows. Theil’s U coefficients calculated for this window were 0.04743, 0.002625, and 0.001808 for the ARIMA, Elman, and LSTM networks, respectively. LSTM provided the best forecast in the short term, while Elman provided the best forecast in the long term. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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Natural lighting performance of vernacular architecture, case study oldtown Pasa, Ecuador

2023 , Bustán-Gaona D. , Ayala-Chauvin M. , Buele, Jorge , Jara-Garzón P. , Riba-Sanmartí G.

Vernacular architecture is an architectural style that reflects the traditions and cultural aspects of a particular region or community. It is characterized by the use of local materials and traditional construction techniques, adapting to the climatic, geographical, and cultural conditions of the place. Despite extensive research on the benefits of natural lighting in modern architecture, there is limited understanding of how vernacular architecture integrates natural lighting principles in various climatic conditions, mainly due to restrictions in intervention and concerns about structural integrity. In today's world, energy efficiency and conservation are crucial aspects of building design. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of natural lighting in the indoor spaces of vernacular architecture. The research includes measurements taken in traditional buildings in the parish of Pasa, Ambato, Ecuador, as well as simulations to evaluate the behavior of sunlight. The findings reveal that, with new construction technologies, lighting levels in the interior spaces of these buildings can be improved. To address this issue, a proposed solution is presented to optimize the use of natural light, resulting in an increase from 30 to 100 lx. This improvement could pave the way for the implementation of policies that enhance the quality of life for users. © 2023

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Virtual Reality applications based on activities of daily living (ADL) for cognitive diagnosis and rehabilitation

2022 , Buele, Jorge , Varela Aldas, José , Palacios-Navarro G.

Traditionally, screening tools are available to help diagnose a person's cognitive problem. Therefore, rehabilitation techniques are lab exercises that lack adequate ecological validity. In this paper, we propose to establish the projection of a methodology for the development of serious games based on activities of daily living (ADL). Both for real and immersive environments, to assess what provides better results when applied in healthy patients at first, but with a focus on those suffering from Alzheimer's disease. It is expected that when this research is completed, precedents will be established for the development of new proposals based on virtual environments. © 2022 IEEE.

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IoT-Based Alternating Current Electrical Parameters Monitoring System

2022 , Varela Aldas, José , Silva, S , Palacios-Navarro, G.

Energy monitors are indispensable for achieving efficient electrical grids and even more so in the age of the Internet of Things (IoT), where electrical system data are monitored from anywhere in the world. This paper presents the development of a two-channel electrical parameter-monitoring system based on the M5 Stack Core2 kit. The acquisition of variables is done through PZEM 004T V3.0 sensors, and the data are sent to the ThingSpeak cloud database. Local readings are done through the LCD, and data re stored on a micro SD card. Remote monitoring is done through two applications, namely a web application and a mobile application, each designed for different purposes. To validate this proposal, a commercial device with IoT features (Gen 2 Vue Energy Monitor) is used, comparing the active power and active energy readings recorded continuously for 7 days. The results indicate an accuracy of up to 1.95% in power and 0.81% in energy, obtaining a low-cost compact product with multiple features. © 2022 by the authors.

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Gamification in Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities: Global Trends and Approaches - A Bibliometric Review

2023 , Jadán Guerrero, Janio , Avilés-Castillo, Fátima , Buele, Jorge , Palacios-Navarro G.

Given the growing attention to the intersection between technology and education, gamification has emerged as a strategy with great benefits. This bibliometric review addresses gamification’s current and future relevance in the educational field, focusing on its use as a pedagogical strategy to improve the learning and engagement of children with disabilities. Sixty-six studies published between 2001 and 2023 were analyzed, evaluating the most influential articles, main keywords, prominent authors, collaborating institutions, and funding sources. The literature suggests that gamification offers inclusive and personalized learning opportunities covering various disabilities. Methodologies and approaches to implement gamification were identified, including game elements, user-centered design techniques, and emerging technologies such as virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and educational robotics. However, challenges and areas for improvement were also found, such as the need for more long-term empirical evidence and the importance of considering individual differences and specific needs when designing gamification strategies. The review highlights the importance of strengthening collaborative networks between researchers and education professionals to disseminate best practices and promote more effective gamification approaches adapted to the needs of children with disabilities. Collaboration between educators, game developers, researchers, and parents are crucial to ensure that gamification efforts are inclusive and meet the diverse needs of students. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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