Facultad de Ingenierías
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Construction of a Low-Cost Semi-automatic Machine for Tensile Testing

2021 , Varela Aldas, José , Buele, Jorge , Cruz J.

Tensile tests make it possible to determine the resistance and other relevant parameters of the materials. These procedures are usually performed with equipment that is expensive and inaccessible to higher education centers with limited budgets. In the case of acquiring this hardware, the disadvantage is that this are purely manual machines that make the use and learning process difficult. That is why this document shows the construction of a machine that allows this type of testing, but using low-cost materials. The mechanical and electronic design and programming that has been used to implement and semi-automate the machine is briefly but clearly described. To validate the functionality, the respective tests have been carried out, although it is a limited version that requires improvements, the results are satisfactory. The curve obtained when carrying out tests with A36 steel has shown a similarity with the theory. Thus, students obtain a technological tool that contributes to academic training, strengthening knowledge in the study of materials. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Natural lighting performance of vernacular architecture, case study oldtown Pasa, Ecuador

2023 , Bustán-Gaona D. , Ayala-Chauvin M. , Buele, Jorge , Jara-Garzón P. , Riba-Sanmartí G.

Vernacular architecture is an architectural style that reflects the traditions and cultural aspects of a particular region or community. It is characterized by the use of local materials and traditional construction techniques, adapting to the climatic, geographical, and cultural conditions of the place. Despite extensive research on the benefits of natural lighting in modern architecture, there is limited understanding of how vernacular architecture integrates natural lighting principles in various climatic conditions, mainly due to restrictions in intervention and concerns about structural integrity. In today's world, energy efficiency and conservation are crucial aspects of building design. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effectiveness of natural lighting in the indoor spaces of vernacular architecture. The research includes measurements taken in traditional buildings in the parish of Pasa, Ambato, Ecuador, as well as simulations to evaluate the behavior of sunlight. The findings reveal that, with new construction technologies, lighting levels in the interior spaces of these buildings can be improved. To address this issue, a proposed solution is presented to optimize the use of natural light, resulting in an increase from 30 to 100 lx. This improvement could pave the way for the implementation of policies that enhance the quality of life for users. © 2023

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Perceptions and Dispositions of Parents and Teachers Toward Technological Learning Communities

2023 , Núñez-Hernández C. , Buele, Jorge

The search for strategies to improve students’ academic performance is increasingly common in education. Parents’ participation and teachers’ attention are key factors in forming a learning community. This article presents the results of a survey in which relevant statistical data was obtained. A significant association (p = 0.571) was found between the frequency with which parents help their children understand school content and their willingness to be part of a learning community, representing 40.65% of the population. In addition, it was found that 66.67% of parents frequently meet with their children’s teachers because they often solve the children’s doubts. Regarding the attention of teachers, it was evidenced that 64.71% of parents who meet very frequently with teachers do so with those who very frequently resolve children’s doubts effectively, which shows a correlation significant (p = 0.467). Finally, the relationship between the degree of mastery of teachers in learning management platforms and their participation in forming learning communities was analyzed. A significant correlation (phi = 0.321) was found between the degree of mastery of teachers in these platforms and their participation in the formation of learning communities, with 28.24% of teachers having sufficient mastery and 20.61% of those with a moderate domain. These findings highlight the importance of parent-teacher collaboration in fostering a culture of learning in school and improving student academic achievement. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.

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Computerized Planning of Surface Ratios in a Milk Extraction Plant

2023 , Suárez del Villar, Alexis , Álvarez Sánchez, Ana , Galarza Tipantuña A.R.

The research is carried out on the milk extraction process of a farm that has been showing a decrease in monthly income, negatively affecting profits, the economic deficit is affected by the milk sales price of 0.32 dollars per liter being lower than that of competitors, the lack of real historical data on the amount of milk extracted, losing control of expenses, and that the plant is not suitable for the process of extraction and storage of milk, causing the milk to be sold at times at 0.29 dollars per liter. There are multinationals that have submitted proposals for the purchase of the milk product; to close these contracts they ask for compliance with the technical standard: Guide of good practices for milk production, technical resolution No. 0217 fifth revision. 0217 fifth revision, was applied as a solution the systematic planning of the plant layout (SLP) using a methodology based on the application of the Relationship Diagram in CORELAP software, and the Method of the Elimination of the double sense of movements, selecting the second alternative, in addition, A mechanical milk extraction equipment is implemented with a milking capacity of 50 cows in 10 500 s, this is achieved by milking two cows at the same rhythm, the production time is reduced by 75% going from 55827 s to 13950 s, with this time 127 Lt are increased in the daily extraction going from 1373 Lt to 1500 Lt, and the personnel requirement is reduced from 5 to 3 operators. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Automated AirWellness System

2024 , Lara Calle, Andrés , Willian Molina , Pedro Escudero-Villa

Many Latin American countries face indoor air quality issues due to rapid urban growth, industrialization, and the lack of environmental regulations. Companies must ensure safe work environments in Tungurahua, Ecuador, especially concerning air quality. Exposure to CO, NOx, SO2, and particulate matter (PM) can lead to respiratory illnesses. This project focuses on mitigating air pollution in indoor spaces of companies in Tungurahua through an automated purification system using IoT. Employing automated measurement technology, the system identifies and manages chemical and ergonomic risks. An activated carbon-based purification system optimizes the reduction of pollutants, while IoT integration allows for real-time monitoring and automatic activation of the cleaner. The system's validation was performed by quantifying alcohol (2000 mg/m3), carbon monoxide (100 ppm), carbon dioxide (200 ppm), and PM2.5 particles (2500 ug/m3). A statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed a significant difference between the values before and after using the purifier, with a p-value less than 0.05, allowing the rejection of the null hypothesis and acceptance of the alternative. The results indicate a significant reduction in pollution levels. This prototype can improve air quality in indoor spaces, promoting respiratory health among workers and providing a foundation for the development of future risk prevention systems.

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Vibrotactile stimulus duration threshold for perception of pulse to vibration transition

2025 , Remache Vinueza, Byron , Andrés Trujillo-León , Fernando Vidal-Verdú

This study investigates the minimum stimulus duration required to perceive the transition from pulse to vibration sensations, a critical parameter for optimizing information transmission via haptic interfaces such as smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, game consoles, and sensory substitution systems. Efficient transmission relies on minimizing stimulus duration, enabling more information to be conveyed in less time. A preliminary experiment established intensity perception thresholds—the minimum vibration intensities detectable—at 40, 80, 150, 250, 300, and 590 Hz, frequencies primarily activating the Pacinian (Rapid Adapting II) psychophysical channel. Subsequently, 35 participants determined the minimum durations needed to perceive the transition from pulse to vibration sensations across this frequency range. Results revealed a consistent minimum duration of approximately 30 ms, contrasting with findings in audition, where shorter durations suffice at higher frequencies, but aligning with prior studies in tactile perception.

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Interactive Software for the Learning of Mathematics in Elementary School Students in the Province of Tungurahua

2022 , Sánchez, Patricio , Jácome L. , Sancho C. , Sánchez R.

This article shows a study on the impact of the development of a video game for the teaching of mathematics in elementary school students, developed mainly to strengthen knowledge as a new educational resource for teachers to give interactive classes changing the usual way in which they teach, which would cause the student's interest in learning. The methodology used was based on three phases: first, an exploratory research was carried out in the Gabriela Mistral institution in San Pedro de Pelileo (Ecuador), second, the video game was developed with an agile methodology, applying an adaptive algorithm in its architecture that helps the children's knowledge to be modified through the game, expanding the knowledge information they have. Finally, a determined group of students was evaluated to know whether or not the game contributed to their education and it was found that an increase of 27.78% was achieved in their knowledge, in relation to the levels they had with the conventional learning method. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Challenges and Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence in the Media: A Theoretical Approach

2025 , Londoño Proaño, Cristián , Buele, Jorge

This study explores the challenges and opportunities presented by artificial intelligence (AI) in the media, specifically in newspapers, radio and television. AI is transforming these industries by automating processes such as news generation, transcription, and content personalization. The aim of this article is to identify, explore and analyze the main advances of AI in the media industry. In the end, the challenges and the effects on audiences are raised. The methodology employed includes a descriptive and analytical approach, based on the analysis of annual reports and case studies of media that have implemented AI. Among the results obtained, the growth in the use of AI to generate automated and personalized content, as well as the integration of virtual presenters, stands out. However, concerns also emerge about the spread of misinformation and the ethical handling of personal data. In conclusion, AI offers significant operational advantages for the media, but it is crucial to balance its implementation with strong ethical management to ensure information quality and protect the rights of audiences.

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Management and Control of Occupational Risks in the Manufacture of Fuel and Oil Filter Caps

2021 , Ron-Valenzuela P. , Topon-Visarrea B. , Delgado M.

In the process of manufacturing oil and fuel filter covers, mechanical risks have been identified such as: entrapment and crushing of hands with risk level I (not acceptable) and projection of fragments and particles with risk level II (Not acceptable or acceptable with specific control); For this, corrective measures were established at the source of risk by means of a spring system in each of the molds so that the filter cover after being pressed is expelled uniformly without the need for the operator to insert his hands in the danger zone. In the accident transmission medium, an adjustable safety guard and a mechanical guide element were implemented which allow the entry and exit of the covers. Finally, workers were provided with work gloves selected under international standards. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.

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Design of a load elevator as a measure to reduce ergonomic risks

2024 , Sarmiento Ortiz, Fabián , Topon Visarrea, Blanca , Iza Llumigusin, Christian , Joel Morales , Vecquer León

Manual handling of loads in work environments poses significant ergonomic risks, leading to musculoskeletal disorders and injuries. To address this, mechanical solutions are essential to optimize processes and ensure employees’ health and well-being. In this study utilized four methodologies: the Ergonomic Checklist, NIOSH Equation, Snook and Cirello Tables, and the INSHT Technical Guide. These tools evaluated the physical load and risks of manual lifting. Concurrently, a load lifter was developed, utilizing a tractor system powered by an electric motor and a chain hoist, all automated by a PLC. The evaluations highlighted the high risks of manual load handling. After implementation it reduced unacceptable risk to acceptable as well as the distance workers needed to manually move loads was reduced from 8 meters to 2 meters with the automatic lift, a 75% decrease and increasing process efficiency. The designed hoist has a 500 kg capacity, streamlining the product reception and storage process. The introduction of the freight elevator, as an ergonomic solution, is pivotal in reducing workplace risks and enhancing safety and efficiency. This research underscores the need to embrace advanced technologies to tackle ergonomic issues in work settings.

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