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Neuropsychological treatment of ADHD in preschool: Training of executive function [Tratamiento Neuropsicológico del TDAH en Preescolares: Entrenamiento de la Función Ejecutiva]
(2016)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
;
Bolaños M.
;
Paredes L.
;
Ramos D.
Preschoolers who have symptoms of impulsivity, hyperactivity and attention deficit manifest alterations in the executive functions: inhibitory control, working memory, monitoring and self-directed speech. It is essential in the preschool classroom to identify children who have difficulty regulating their behavior. The importance of this early detection is the possibility of avoiding a picture of ADHD with greater complexity in the child's future. Training of executive function in children who could present these symptoms has been described as a highly effective strategy. Researches affirm that training of executive function would decrease the likelihood that a child will have ADHD at school age if he had received early attention from preschool. From the clinical experience it has witnessed the evolution of cases of children identified preschool with symptoms of ADHD, and then do a training executive functions for periods of one to two years better, and even at the beginning of schooling have a less severe psychopathology, unlike children who have not received this early intervention. In this paper I will describe the clinical picture of ADHD in initial preschool, the relationship between this disorder and executive function and some strategies in the training of executive functions.
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The abandonment of statistics in Psychology of Ecuador [El abandono de la Estadística en la Psicología de Ecuador]
(2017)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
[No abstract available]
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Neuropsychological evaluation of inhibitory control and interference control: Validation of experimental tasks in the ecuadorian context
(2017)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
;
Jadán Guerrero, Janio
;
Ramos D.
;
Bolaños M.
;
Ramos V.
This article reports a study in which three experimental tasks (SIMON, Go / No-Go and Stroop Victoria) were adapted and validated to evaluate the inhibitory control and interference control in a sample of Ecuadorian students. The sample consisted of 100 students between 6 and 15 years old (M = 10.13 years, SD = 2.48) belonging to the public education system of Ecuador. The process followed in the adaptation and validation was through the linguistic translation of the experiments, followed by an expert judgment and a pilot study. In the results it was found that there are no statistically significant differences in the measures that assess the inhibitory control and the interference considering the sociodemographic variables of the participants as comparison factors. In the correlation analysis we found a statistically significant association between the measurements of the experiments. We conclude by analyzing the associations found and underlining the need to continue providing evidence in the research line of adaptation and validation of test for using in neuropsychological evaluation.
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Fundamental concepts in the neuropsychological theory [Conceptos fundamentales en la teoría neuropsicológica]
(2017)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
;
Ramos V.
;
Jadán Guerrero, Janio
;
Lepe-Martínez N.
;
Paredes-Núñez L.
This article presents three concepts that are fundamental in the neuropsychological theoretical: (a) historical data in the study of the human brain, (b) neuropsychological evaluation of brain functions and (c) neuropsychological rehabilitation of brain functions. As relevant data in the theoretical development of the study of the human brain is a tour of the trepanation acts performed hundreds of years ago, the contributions of phrenology, the masterful findings of Broca and Wernicke, the heuristic contribution of Luria and the current revolution with the neuro-image. In the neuropsychological evaluation of brain functions, the role of specific, non-specific and delayed observation tests in the interpretation of the neuropsychological state of the human being is analyzed, which allow analyzing neuropsychological functions in the laboratory and in real lifeactivities. Finally, we analyze the process of neuropsychological rehabilitation of brain functions, where mention is made of the processes of restoration, compensation, substitution, activation-stimulation and integration, which are very useful when intervening in a brain that has suffered an acquired damage. It is concluded that the current accelerated pace has determined the advance of neuroscience, where technology and the forceful scientific contribution propose new techniques and theories to understand the processes of evaluation and rehabilitation of brain functioning.
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Talented soccer players, the big secret is in the brain: The great tragedy of the star player and the fate of magicians with a preserved nervous systems
(2017)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
;
Peña-García S.
;
Pérez-Salas C.
;
Cadena-Almeida I.
;
Jadán Guerrero, Janio
In previous work, we have presented case studies from fascinating films for the eye of the neuropsychologist;1,2,3 continuing with this line of research, we describe here for your consideration a critical analysis of the role of brain functions in one of the most fascinating sports, soccer. In this analysis, we will look more closely at the brain damage suffered by the great footballer Salvador Cabañas and the role of the highly complex brain functions that allow the magical players to stand out in this sport. In the next pages, we present the case of Salvador Cabañas, both before and after his cerebral accident, and later we analyze the cerebral functions that are activated in brilliant players like Messi or Ronaldinho. We conclude this article by reflecting on the role of the brain in our normal human activities, and how catastrophic it becomes on a daily basis when our brain tissue is damaged so that as a result of this condition we can lose everything. © 2017 Fundacion para la difusion neurologica en Ecuador - FUNDINE. All Rights Reserved.
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Procastination, internet addiction, and academic performance in Ecuadorian college students [Procrastinación, adicción al internet y rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios ecuatorianos]
(2017)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
;
Jadán Guerrero, Janio
;
Paredes-Núñez L.
;
Bolaños-Pasquel M.
;
Gómez-García A.
This investigation analyzed the relationship between procrastination, internet addiction, and academic performance of college students. Mixed two-phase methodology was used. In the first phase, a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational design was executed. The results indicate that procrastination correlates with internet addiction (r = 0.50, p = < 0.001) and students with high academic performance have a lower incidence of procrastinating behavior t(244) = -3.60, p < 0.001 and internet addiction t(244) = -2.44, p = 0.01 compared to university students with lower academic performance. In the qualitative phase, narratives were found associated with parenting style experienced, past experiences, use of cognitive functions, use of the internet, and other categories. In conclusion, the data are discussed in relation to previous research and through the integration of quantitative and qualitative results. © 2017 Universidad Austral de Chile.
Scopus© Citations 22 12
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The resurgence of Ecuadorian neuroscience: Revista Ecuatoriana de neurología [El Resurgir de la neurociencia Ecuatoriana: La revista Ecuatoriana de neurología]
(2017)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
[No abstract available]
19
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Adaptation of Victoria stroop test in ecuadorians students [Adaptación del Test Stroop Victoria en Estudiantes Ecuatorianos]
(2017)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
Neuropsychological assessment of inhibitory control may be accomplished by specific tasks (reagents created to assess neuropsychological function of interest) not specific tasks (reagents created with a different purpose and can be used to assess a particular neuropsychological function) and deferred exploration (scales of behavior observation). In the first type of tasks it has been developed the Victoria Stroop experiment. Aim. To adapt the Victoria Stroop test in a sample of Ecuadorian students. Method. The design of research was a quantitative transeccional study. The measuring instruments were the experiment Stroop Victoria and BIS 11-c scale. Furthermore, the relationship between the scores of the experiment and the socio-demographic variables were analyzed. Results. A significant correlation between measurements of Stroop Victoria (impulsivity and inhibitory control) was found. Impulsiveness errors of the experiment are associated with the motor impulsivity BIS 11-c. It were not found relationship between gender, age of participants and the results obtained in the experiment. Conclusions. Impulsivity measures belong to a system called dirimidor conflict, where human beings act automatically or semi-conscious, whereas intrusion errors inhibitory control failure would be associated with deficits in attentional system supervisor.
Scopus© Citations 6 17
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Youth and politics: A review of studies from Latin America [Jóvenes y política: Una revisión de estudios desde Latinoamerica]
(2018)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
;
Apolo-Buenaño D.
;
Jadán Guerrero, Janio
The perception that young people have about politics in Latin America is characterized by a disenchantment and disinterest caused by the praxis of politicians. The dissociation that exists between the democratic discourses proposed in the campaign and the petty action in the execution of these, have created in the young a departure from the formal practice of politics in society. This disappointment is reaffirmed when young people experience political consequences in systems of care for society, as is the case of neglect within the health system, to give an example. Another factor that negatively influences the political construction of youth is the content offered in the mass media. In the present article a review of several factors has been carried out that have influenced the perception of the young Latin American towards politics. The methodology used was based on the review of twenty-three articles indexed in the main databases: Latindex, Redalyc, Scielo, JSTOR, SAGE, SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE. The search terms used were: politics, youth, political perception of Latin American youth. Copyright © 2018 (Carlos Ramos-Galarza et al).
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Moral thought after acquired cerebral damage. [El pensamiento moral después del Daño cerebral Adquirido.]
(2018)
Ramos Galarza, Carlos
Introduction. Moral thinking is a mental skill that allows respecting implicit and explicit social norms. One factor that can alter its functioning is acquired brain damage, as is the case of subjects who have suffered a brain injury at the frontal lobe. Aim. To analyze the relationship between the process of moral thinking and brain functioning, through the description of cases that have suffered acquired brain damage, with the purpose of explaining the situation that an individual lives after presenting brain damage and becoming unable to respect social norms. Development. The clinic of patients who have suffered brain damage at the frontal level, such as Phineas Gage, NN and Elliot, is shown, in which it was observed that its state after the traumatic event was characterized by going back to previous stages of thinking moral, unlike a subject who may present brain damage in later structures. Conclusions. We discuss the analysis performed on the role of the frontal lobe in the process of respecting social norms that allow human interaction and how it can be affected by brain damage. © 2018 Fundacion para la difusion neurologica en Ecuador - FUNDINE. All Rights Reserved.
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