INDI: A Low-Cost LLM-Enabled Multimodal Campus Guide Robot
Journal
Computers
ISSN
2073431X
Date Issued
2026-09-03
Author(s)
Cadena, Josue
Del-Valle-Soto, Carolina
Type
Article
Abstract
University technology campuses contain specialized laboratories, academic programs, and services that can be difficult for first-time visitors to identify. This paper presents INDI, a custom mobile campus guide robot that combines spoken interaction, synthesized speech, touchscreen feedback, animated facial states, head motion, and predefined mobile guidance behaviors. The platform retains the modular mechanical concept of an earlier prototype while replacing its Raspberry Pi and open-loop remote-control architecture with an NVIDIA Jetson Nano, an Arduino Uno motor-control bridge, ROS 1 nodes, encoder feedback, and dual PID speed loops. The robot weighs 2.37 kg, measures (Formula presented.) cm, reaches a software-limited maximum speed of 0.4 m/s, and provides 27 min of continuous operation in the reported tests. Ten repetitions of each motion test produced mean displacements of 1.058 m and 2.182 m for 1 m and 2 m commands, respectively, and mean rotations of 89.2° and 180.3° for 90° and 180° commands. Voice trials achieved 90% correct interaction in a quiet environment and 70% under nearby conversational noise. In an exploratory user study with 13 participants, 16 of 20 assigned tasks were completed and the mean overall rating was 4.31/5. The results demonstrate the feasibility of an integrated, modular, physically embodied information service, while also revealing accumulated linear-motion error, sensitivity to ambient speech, limited battery duration, and the need for grounded institutional knowledge and autonomous localization. These findings are presented as preliminary evidence of technical and interaction feasibility rather than as confirmatory evidence of usability or campus-scale autonomous navigation. © 2026 by the authors.