IS GENDER A FACTOR OF VARIABILITY IN THE MEASUREMENT OF THE ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION SCALE? ANALYSIS OF MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FROM ECUADOR, PERU, AND VENEZUELA
ISSN
17901391
Date Issued
2026
Type
text::journal::journal article
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the gender-based measurement invariance (MI) of the Academic Procrastination Scale (APS) in a sample of university students from Ecuador, Venezuela, and Peru. A total of 762 university students participated (35% men and 65% women), aged between 18 and 58 years, who studied at public universities in Ecuador, Venezuela, and Peru. The results confirmed that the two-factor correlated structure of the APS was suitable for university students. In addition, the scale showed adequate internal consistency between genders. The IM strictly based on the gender of the APS is confirmed. There were gender differences in the latent mean academic procrastination, with higher academic procrastination in women than in men. Finally, it is concluded that the APS is a valid and reliable measure for the evaluation of Academic Procrastination (AP) in university students in South America, indicating that gender is not a factor of measurement variability. © Copyright: The Author(s). All articles are licensed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0 [removed]).