Ramos Galarza, Carlos
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Ramos Galarza, Carlos
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Quito
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carlosramos@uti.edu.ec
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57219164869

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Scale of clinical observation to valuate the third functional unit of the Luria theory: EOCL-1. [Escala de Observación Clínica Para Valorar la Tercera Unidad Funcional de la Teoría de Luria: EOCL-1.]

2019 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Benavides-Endara P. , Bolaños-Pasquel M. , Fonseca-Bautista S. , Ramos D.

Luria's brain organization model proposes the interaction of three functional units to understand the work performed by the human brain. The first of them is responsible for the regulation of tone and wakefulness. The second one to receive, process and store the information. The third, and of central interest of the investigation, is responsible for programming, executing and verifying mental activity. To evaluate this theory, a series of experimental neuropsychological tests have been developed, however, a scale has not been proposed that, based on the theoretical precepts on the third functional unit, allows to assess it based on the behaviors of the daily life of the human being. This research proposes a scale that will allow the clinician to assess the mental abilities associated with the ability to program, execute and verify the most complex form of mental activity; integrated in the third functional unit of Luria. The proposal is discussed, based on the benefit that is generated by having a scale that will allow to assess this theory, in the different environments where the individual develops through the action of the cerebral abilities of the third functional unit. © 2019 Fundacion para la difusion neurologica en Ecuador - FUNDINE. All rights reserved.

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Video Conferencing Platforms for Learning: Which is the Best Platform?

2022 , Cóndor-Herrera, Omar , Bolaños-Pasquel M. , Ramos Galarza, Carlos

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the education field was forced to develop virtual learning environments on videoconferencing platforms. The most used videoconferencing platforms are Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Google Meet, and WhatsApp. This article aims to identify the perceptions that teachers have when using these platforms to determine which platform is the most optimal for developing the activities. The study involved 33 male and female teachers working at the high school and university levels. They responded to a survey that evaluated various aspects of four videoconferencing platforms: Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Google Meet, and WhatsApp. The aspects evaluated were usability, platform design, benefits of the application for learning, and platform reliability. According to research results, survey participants said that, according to their perceptions, the best videoconferencing platform for the development of online classes is Zoom; WhatsApp, and Zoom are the easiest applications to learn to use; Google Meet is the most difficult to learn to use; and Zoom has the best interface design. The video conference platform that offers the best benefits for the teaching–learning process is Zoom. WhatsApp offers the least benefits in relation to the others. Based on the results, it can be stated that, according to the perceptions of the teachers surveyed, the platform that offers the best benefits in the areas evaluated is Zoom. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Talented soccer players, the big secret is in the brain: The great tragedy of the star player and the fate of magicians with a preserved nervous systems

2017 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Peña-García S. , Pérez-Salas C. , Cadena-Almeida I. , Jadán Guerrero, Janio , Bolaños-Pasquel M.

In previous work, we have presented case studies from fascinating films for the eye of the neuropsychologist;1,2,3 continuing with this line of research, we describe here for your consideration a critical analysis of the role of brain functions in one of the most fascinating sports, soccer. In this analysis, we will look more closely at the brain damage suffered by the great footballer Salvador Cabañas and the role of the highly complex brain functions that allow the magical players to stand out in this sport. In the next pages, we present the case of Salvador Cabañas, both before and after his cerebral accident, and later we analyze the cerebral functions that are activated in brilliant players like Messi or Ronaldinho. We conclude this article by reflecting on the role of the brain in our normal human activities, and how catastrophic it becomes on a daily basis when our brain tissue is damaged so that as a result of this condition we can lose everything. © 2017 Fundacion para la difusion neurologica en Ecuador - FUNDINE. All Rights Reserved.

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Executive functions scale for university students: UEF-1

2023 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Ramos V. , Del Valle M. , Lepe-Martínez N. , Cruz-Cárdenas J. , Acosta-Rodas P. , Bolaños-Pasquel M.

Introduction: Executive functions are a set of mental abilities that allow human beings to consciously regulate their behavior and, in a university setting, will have a significant impact on student success during professional training. Objective: To develop a scale to assess executive functions in a university setting. Method: Using a sample of 1,373 university students from Chile (663) and Ecuador (710) between 17 and 33 years old (Mage = 20.53, SD = 2.34). A study was carried out to analyze the psychometric properties of the instrument using a reliability and validity analysis for a scale that assesses executive functions: conscious monitoring of responsibilities, supervisory attentional system, conscious regulation of behavior, verification of behavior to learn, decision making, conscious regulation of emotions, and management of elements to solve tasks. Results: Adequate internal consistency parameters were found between α = 0.71 and 0.85. The seven executive functions proposed on the scale correlated proportionally between r = 0.42 and 0.62. In the confirmatory factor analysis, good fit indices were obtained in the model of the seven executive functions x2(413) = 1649.14, p = <0.001, CFI = 0.91, SRMR = 0.04 and RMSEA = 0.04. Discussion: The research carried out reaches its conclusion stating that the scale that was developed has the psychometric properties to assess executive functions in the Latin American setting. The results regarding previous research and the contribution made in the line of research of executive functions are discussed. Copyright © 2023 Ramos-Galarza, Ramos, del Valle, Lepe-Martínez, Cruz-Cárdenas, Acosta-Rodas and Bolaños-Pasquel.

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Factorial Structure of the EOCL-1 Scale to Assess Executive Functions

2021 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge , Bolaños-Pasquel M. , Acosta-Rodas P.

The process of assessing executive functions through behavioral observation scales is still under theoretical and empirical construction. This article reports on the analysis of the factorial structure of the EOCL-1 scale that assesses executive functions, as proposed by the theory developed by Luria, which has not been previously considered in this type of evaluation. In this scale, the executive functions taken into account are error correction, internal behavioral and cognition regulatory language, limbic system conscious regulation, decision making, future consideration of consequences of actions, goal-directed behavior, inhibitory control of automatic responses, creation of new behavioral repertoires, and cognitive–behavioral activity verification. A variety of validity and reliability analyses were carried out, with the following results: (a) an adequate internal consistency level of executive functions between α = 0.70 and α = 0.83, (b) significant convergent validity with a scale that assesses frontal deficits between r = −0.07 and r = 0.28, and (c) the scale’s construct validity that proposes a model with an executive central factor comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.93, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.04 (LO.04 and HI.04), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.04, and x2(312) = 789.29, p = 0.001. The findings are discussed based on previous literature reports and in terms of the benefits of using a scale to assess the proposed executive functions. © Copyright © 2021 Ramos-Galarza, Cruz-Cárdenas, Bolaños-Pasquel and Acosta-Rodas.

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Procastination, internet addiction, and academic performance in Ecuadorian college students [Procrastinación, adicción al internet y rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios ecuatorianos]

2017 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Jadán Guerrero, Janio , Paredes-Núñez L. , Bolaños-Pasquel M. , Gómez-García A.

This investigation analyzed the relationship between procrastination, internet addiction, and academic performance of college students. Mixed two-phase methodology was used. In the first phase, a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational design was executed. The results indicate that procrastination correlates with internet addiction (r = 0.50, p = < 0.001) and students with high academic performance have a lower incidence of procrastinating behavior t(244) = -3.60, p < 0.001 and internet addiction t(244) = -2.44, p = 0.01 compared to university students with lower academic performance. In the qualitative phase, narratives were found associated with parenting style experienced, past experiences, use of cognitive functions, use of the internet, and other categories. In conclusion, the data are discussed in relation to previous research and through the integration of quantitative and qualitative results. © 2017 Universidad Austral de Chile.

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Systematic Review of Technological Methods of Evaluation of Executive Functions

2024 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , García-Cruz P. , Bolaños-Pasquel M.

Executive functions are a set of high-level skills that allow humans to consciously regulate their cognition and behavior. The main executive functions are inhibitory control, planning, working memory, cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation, among others. The use of technological resources is key to evaluate executive functions, since, in today’s society; technological resources are part of the daily life of the human being and must be present in the evaluation processes of these mental abilities. In this context, this article presents a systematic review study that has sought to identify the main technological developments that are used in the evaluation of executive functions. For this study, articles published in the Scopus database were analyzed, finding 350 studies and after the inclusion and exclusion process, we worked with eight studies that developed technological devices to evaluate executive functions. The developed devices have the benefit of assessing executive functions such as inhibition, working memory, decision making, among others. Finally, it is important to mention that technological development in neuropsychological evaluation is still in its beginnings and it is necessary to work on this line of research to have more devices to achieve this goal. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Validation of the GAEU-1 Acale to Assess the Learning Management of University Students

2023 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , García-Cruz P. , Lepe-Martínez N. , Del Valle M. , Bolaños-Pasquel M. , Cruz-Cárdenas J.

Introduction: The self-management of university learning encompasses a series of aspects that allow students to be conscious and autonomous in their professional training. Objective: In this article, we present the process of creation and validation of a scale to assess essential factors of this phenomenon: self-management of learning, conscious motivation strategies for learning, perception of academic performance, and techniques for deep learning. Method: The design is a cross-sectional quantitative process with the purpose of carrying out validity and reliability analysis of a psychological measurement instrument. The research was conducted with 1373 university students from Chile and Ecuador. Results: The scale consists of 19 items that conform the four factors mentioned and whose results indicate adequate psychometric properties, allowing it to be applied in the Latin American context. Novelty: This research proposes a new instrument to assess the self-management of the university learning process, which contributes to carrying out new research in the university educational context. © 2023 by the authors. Licensee ESJ, Italy.

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Cognitive Interventions Based on Technology: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Cóndor-Herrera, Omar , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio , Jadán Guerrero, Janio , Bolaños-Pasquel M. , Cedillo P.

This article reports a systematic review of research done about the positive impact of cognitive treatment for people with some type of brain disorder through the use of inclusive technologies. The article collected 21 publications of high impact magazines uncovering that countries such as Spain, France, and Russia have a significant number of contributions on this topic. Inclusive technological innovations which are intended for work on brain functions such as attention, memory, verbal fluency, problem-solving and behavior regulation have been mainly developed in devices such as Tablets and Robots. The data discussed highlights the need to continue in this line of research to determine the effect of this type of intervention, as well as the future projection of developing new technological devices facilitating human brain functions. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Cognition, affectivity and resilience in the forgiveness of a transgression in the couple [Cognición, afectividad y resiliencia en el perdón de una transgresión en la pareja]

2021 , Bolaños-Pasquel M. , López-Cárdenas M.J. , Guerrero B. , Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge , Ramos Galarza, Carlos

The transgression of the agreements between the couple is a current problem that generates discomfort on a personal, family and social level. In this article, an investigation is reported that analyzes a model that proposes the interaction between the variables positive cognition, positive affect and resilience as predictive factors that contribute to the understanding of the process of forgiveness of a transgression in the couple. 203 adults (103 women 60%, 88 men 40%) between 18 and 26 years of age participated in the research (Mage = 20.4, SD = 1.68). The hypothesized model was tested through the process of structural equations, finding adequate levels of goodness of fit x2 = 113.87, GL = 84, p = .02, SRMR = .05, RMSEA = .04 (.03 - .06), CFI = .97. The results found contribute to two essential levels in the line of investigation of the interaction between couples, firstly, at a theoretical level, it is provided with an innovative theory that allows us to understand the process of forgiveness in the couple and, secondly, to clinical level, for psychotherapeutic intervention in variables such as cognition and positive affect that would benefit a couple to overcome a conflict and reach a forgiveness. © 2021 Fundacion para la difusion neurologica en Ecuador - FUNDINE. All rights reserved.

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