Bonilla Bedoya, Santiago
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Bonilla Bedoya, Santiago
Main Affiliation
Quito
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santiagobonilla@uti.edu.ec
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Scopus Author ID
55360745200

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Mapping 50 years of contribution to the development of soil quality biological indicators

2023 , Bonilla Bedoya, Santiago , Valencia K. , Herrera M.Á. , López-Ulloa M. , Donoso D.A. , Macedo Pezzopane J.E.

Biological indicators of soil quality express the capacity of a soil to maintain its ecosystem functions and services between socio-ecosystem inflection thresholds; therefore, they are determinants in management and land use decisions. However, their development until a few decades ago was limited for several reasons: reductionism and early development of other dimensions, such as physical and chemical indicators or their methodological complexity, thus affecting the importance given to biological factors and the integral evaluation of soil quality or health. Thus, this review presents a mapping of the scientific contributions of the last 50 years oriented to the theoretical and methodological development of biological indicators of soil quality, identifying their development and application in these decades. We conducted a bibliometric analysis that allowed us to present an overview of the field with respect to scientific production: temporality, geographical origin, institutional origin, journals that promote the development of the field, articles with greater influence by citation in the field of study, and the co-occurrences of these indicators in research. This analysis was complemented at the second stage by a systematic review of the literature with the greatest impact by citation. We found 2320 scientific papers distributed mainly in the United States (17.8%), China (12.2%), Brazil (8.3%), India (6.3%), and European Mediterranean countries, such as Spain, France, and Italy (14.2%). Our review showed 25 biological indicators with the highest occurrence; for example, microbial biomass (1 1 8), enzymatic activity (90), and organic matter (78); other indicators, such as earthworms, nematodes, or springtails, are also reported. All indicators showed relationships, to a greater or lesser extent, with soil biodiversity and its functions in the landscape. Important advances in soil indicators have developed gradually in the last few decades, with scientific efforts mainly concentrated in developed and emerging countries. In the last decade, the production curve continues with a growth trend., and research questions in the field revolve around the linkage of diversity and function from a molecular point of view. The scope goes beyond productivity, manifesting the real need to conserve and manage the ecosystem services of a limited and non-renewable natural resource. Pioneering research should begin to report on the scope of soil biological monitoring and its influence on policy, management, and land use. Finally, the promotion of research networks with developing countries can foster the development of regional and local soil monitoring policies in these regions. © 2023 The Author(s)

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Urban soils as a spatial indicator of quality for urban socio-ecological systems

2021 , Bonilla Bedoya, Santiago , López-Ulloa M. , Mora-Garcés A. , Macedo-Pezzopane J.E. , Salazar L. , Herrera M.Á.

The development of criteria and indicators to quantify the transition to sustainability of the urban socio-ecological systems quality is determinant for planning policies and the 21st century urban agenda. This study models the spatial variation in the concentration and distribution of some macronutrients, micronutrients, and trace nutrients in the soil of a high-altitude city in the Andes. Meanwhile, machine learning methods were employed to study some interactions between the different dimensions that constitute an urban socio-ecosystem that caused these variations. We proposed a methodology that considered two phases: a) field work to collect data on 300 soil samples; laboratory analysis to measure the concentrations of 24 macronutrients, micronutrients, and trace nutrients; and the design of geophysical, spectral, and urban co-variables; b) statistical and geo-informatics analysis, where multivariate analysis grouped the elements into factors; and, machine learning integrated with co-variables was applied to derive the intensity of each factor across the city. Multivariate statistics described the variation in soil co-concentrations with a moderate percentage (42%). Four factors were determined that grouped some of the analyzed elements, as follows: F1 (Zn, S, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Cr), F2 (Ba, Ag, K, In, and Mg), F3 (B, V, Li, and Sr), and F4 (Si and Mn). The percentage R2 out-of-bag of the spatial model were: F1 = 20%, F2 = 8%, F3 = 14%, and F4 = 10%. Our outputs show that the enrichment and contamination by anthropogenic factors, such as the increase in population density, land use, road network, and traffic generated by fossil fuel vehicles, should be prioritized in urban planning decisions. © 2021

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Effects of Land Use Change on Soil Quality Indicators in Forest Landscapes of the Western Amazon

2017 , Bonilla Bedoya, Santiago , López-Ulloa M. , Vanwalleghem T. , Herrera-Machuca M.Á.

Western Amazon has the highest forest biodiversity in the world; however, farming, pasture, or subsistence farming has cleared extensive forest areas, impacting soil quality. This study evaluates the variations in soil quality indicators such as organic carbon (OC), NH4+, available P, soil texture, and pH, taking into account changes of land use from forest to disturbed areas in four different landscape positions: plains, peneplains, piedmont, and periandes piedmont. We used three vegetation cover maps of 1990-2000-2008 and 1,820 soil samples in an estimated area of 40,000 km2. Cokriging and regression kriging of each edaphic attribute and maps of land use were crossed. Analysis of variance for each landscape position was applied in order to identify significant differences in soil quality indicators between different land use categories (forest and disturbed areas). Results suggest changes in biogeochemical soil dynamics. We reported statistically significant reduction in the percentage of OC for disturbed areas and an increase in available P, which is remarkable. NH4+ stocks were lower for disturbed areas; however. In piedmont and periandes piedmont landscapes, forests presented the highest concentrations of OC (3.99 ± 1.1 and 5.06 ± 1.41, respectively) in comparison to disturbed areas (3.56 ± 0.87 and 3.98 ± 1.41, respectively). Changes in soil quality main indicators suggest a potential drop in ecosystem services production for the western Amazon of Ecuador. Management decisions should consider sustainable land use strategies oriented to maintain the resilience of soil quality indicators. © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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