Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio
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Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio
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Quito
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hugoarias@uti.edu.ec
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57210802646

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Detection of Student Behavior Profiles Applying Neural Networks and Decision Trees

2020 , Guevara Maldonado, César Byron , Sanchez-Gordon S. , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio , Varela Aldas, José , Castillo Salazar, David Ricardo , Borja M. , Fierro-Saltos W. , Rivera R. , Hidalgo-Guijarro J. , Yandún-Velasteguí M.

Education worldwide is a significant aspect for the development of the peoples and much more in developing countries such as those in Latin America, where less than 22% of its inhabitants have higher education. Research in this field is a matter of interest for each of the governments to improve education policies. Therefore, the analysis of data on the behavior of a student in an educational institution is of utmost importance, because multiple aspects of progress or student dropout rates during their professional training period can be identified. The most important variables to identify the student’s behavior are the socio-economic ones, since the psychological state and the economic deficiencies that the student faces while is studying can be detected. This data provides grades, scholarships, attendance and information on student progress. During the first phase of the study, all the information is analyzed and it is determined which provides relevant data to develop a profile of a student behavior, as well as the pre-processing of the data obtained. In this phase, voracious algorithms are applied for the selection of attributes, such as greedy stepwise, Chi-squared test, Anova, RefiefF, Gain Radio, among others. In this work, we apply the artificial intelligence techniques, the results obtained are compared to generate a normal and unusual behavior of each student according to their professional career. In addition, the most optimal model that has had a higher accuracy percentage, false positive rate, false negative rate and mean squared error in the tests results are determined. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

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Communication Support for Older Adults Through Pictograms

2023 , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio , Zapata M. , Sanchez-Gordon S. , Cedillo P.

Changes generated by the pandemic have stimulated new forms of communication through technological devices. Thanks to these, augmentative and alternative communication through the use of pictograms has allowed the development of communicative capacity for people who face health problems, such as speech, limited motor skills, hearing, among others. In particular, for segments of the elderly population with limited communication and technology management skills, it is important to consider usability and accessibility criteria in technological support interfaces design, in order to provide a satisfying and non-intrusive user experience. Support activities must be pleasant and transparent for the effective users’ communication with their environment. In this context, the article presents a methodology for the design of an augmentative communication solution based on pictograms, with the purpose of transmitting the message from the user to the receiver. This article proposes a systematic review of the literature on augmentative and alternative communication, as well as the use of existing pictograms and technologies. The systematic review protocol considered the choice of four digital libraries for the search. The method of search and selection of technological solutions was based on the search for Apps and websites for the use of pictograms through technology to automate and support the communication of elderly. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Usability Evaluation for Cloud-Based Enterprise Resource Planning Systems

2025 , Sandra Sanchez-Gordon , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio , María-Elena Cruz-Artieda , Tania Calle-Jimenez

This study proposes a practical model to evaluate the usability of cloud-based ERP systems. The proposed model involves quantitative and qualitative methods, that is, we propose a mixed-methods approach that includes four dimensions: customized heuristics assessment with usability experts, use of automated tools, usability testing with users, and social factors assessment with organizational experts. This novel model differs from others in that it incorporates social factors into the usability assessment, recognizing the broad impact of the technology on the organization and vice versa. This last dimension ensures that the proposed usability assessment model is more relevant than traditional models in real business environments. The viability of the proposed model was demonstrated by providing case study results.

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Design Thinking, Game Thinking, and Democracy Thinking

2025 , Jadán Guerrero, Janio , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio , Patricia Acosta-Vargas , Maria Elena Cruz-Artieda

Democracy is a fundamental value for every citizen, which has to do with human rights, societal development, peace, and security. Unfortunately, in recent times, it has faced ethical challenges at various levels, from the educational environment to political actors. It is imperative to inculcate these values from childhood, with the aim of sensitizing future generations to the importance of democratic governance, highlighting its values and principles as fundamental to achieving active participation, equality, security, and integral development in society. This study presents an experience with 150 primary and secondary school teachers who, through the application of Design Thinking and Game Thinking, collaborated in the design of educational resources supported by technology in order to promote the values and principles of democracy. The result of this process included the creation of interactive books, electronic voting systems, board games, and Escape Rooms that immersively encapsulate concepts and practices related to honesty and good practices of human beings. The purpose of these resources was to cultivate an interactive educational approach committed to democratic values. This initiative allowed teachers to immerse themselves in innovative and participatory educational experiences, thus enriching learning through interactivity and commitment to democratic principles.

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Alternatives for Designing Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems for People with Disabilities and Older Adults

2023 , Jadán Guerrero, Janio , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio , Cedillo P. , Chacón-Castro M.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems (AACS) provide a variety of forms of expression used to improve the communication skills of people with disabilities and/or older adults. These systems consist of physical or digital communicator boards that use pictograms to represent an object, a person or an action. The objective of this article is to analyze some easy-to-implement alternatives of SAACs systems, including low-cost digital resources such as websites and Apps; as well as both high devices such as virtual assistants, AI chatbots like GPT, and tangible interfaces. The research analyzes the difficulties that older adults have in activities of daily living, and a proposal is presented that allows to adapt in a dynamic and scalable way. The prototypes generated allowed us to identify some strengths and weaknesses of the possible solutions. These results provide an opportunity for technology designers to take on board the recommendations and use them to design more robust systems adapted to their environment. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Artificial Intelligence and Tomorrow’s Education

2021 , Cóndor-Herrera, Omar , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio , Jadán Guerrero, Janio , Ramos Galarza, Carlos

Nowadays, there is a rapid technological progress around the world that has enabled realities long ago unimaginable. We live in a technological era that represents new possibilities and challenges for society, and for the educational models in each country [1]. Research on smart education, which has forced the educational community to rethink on new ways of learning and teaching has been developed globally. Due to the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), the educational model for both, teachers and students will change. Nevertheless, to transform educational systems, it is necessary to update and train students, educators, and administrators effectively [2]. This research aims to describe the possible applications of AI in education from: 1) the automation of administrative tasks; 2) collection and analysis of information [3] to create smart content; 3) the implementation of virtual assistants in the teaching-learning process; 4) the potential delivery of lectures by humanoid robots with AI. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Eye-Tracking and Pictograms: Improving Communication and Accessibility for Senior Adults

2024 , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio , Valencia-Aragón, Kevin , Sandra Sanchez-Gordon

An important factor in exploring the world around us and understanding the cognitive process of individuals is analyzing the characteristics and behavior of the eyes, as they provide reliable information. Improving communication processes with users through visual communication environments can create an accessible environment for virtual interaction. In this context, the global population is aging at a faster rate, leading to social transformation. This population segment may face challenges with language skills, health issues, psychological disorders, and traumas that can limit their ability to speak or move. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether eye-tracking, using the eye-tracking device, will enable senior adults to interact with their caregivers through a pictogram-based interface, allowing them to generate messages and communicate their needs. The research method involves the conceptual development of an experiment designed for senior adults, including the use of an eye-tracking device, calibration tests, and interface responses. This research aims to better understand and promote the importance of meeting the needs and expectations of the elderly segment.

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Gamified Proposal to Stimulate Reading in Primary School Students

2024 , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio , Montenegro B. , Zapata M.

The lack of motivation and interest in reading in students is a fundamental problem since the minimum levels of reading competence for their age and educational level are not being reached. This research was developed with the aim of identifying motivation problems and using gamification as a pedagogical strategy to encourage reading in students. The study had a quantitative and descriptive approach that involved 30 students. Data were collected through the survey technique. The results of the research showed that reading demotivation is due to the lack of support at home, boredom and low reading comprehension that results from the use of traditional resources such as books that fail to capture and maintain the attention and interest of students. In addition, it was identified that the students present as main reading difficulties: problems of recognition of compound phonemes, lack of reading habit and motivation, as well as the deficit of reading comprehension, so it was necessary to implement a virtual strategy based on gamification through the digital tools Genially and Classflow. With the development of the research, it is concluded that the use of gamification as a pedagogical tool allows to motivate the reading of children, since its interactive elements and rewards create a stimulating and pleasant atmosphere that generates a positive impact on the performance of the student body. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Advancements in Assistive Robotics: A Systematic Review of Inclusive Technologies for People With Disabilities

2025 , Zapata, Mireya , Diego Guevara , Jennifer Obregón , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio , Ramos Galarza, Carlos

According to the World Health Organization, approximately 16% of the global population lives with some form of disability, be it physical, sensory, intellectual, or psychosocial. Individuals with disabilities face numerous challenges related to mobility, communication, access to education, and other essential aspects of daily life. In this context, robotic technologies have emerged as innovative solutions aimed at improving autonomy, rehabilitation, and social inclusion. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize the scientific evidence on robotic technologies developed to support people with disabilities. More specifically, the review sought to analyze the temporal and geographical distribution of research, classify the types of robotic technologies and their applications, examine methodological characteristics and participant demographics, and highlight the key contributions and gaps reported in the included studies. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore. From an initial pool of 6,290 articles, 89 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The results were categorized into five main themes: publication trends, types of robotic technologies and applications, methodological characteristics, participant demographics, and key contributions. The findings reveal a strong concentration of research on articulated robots for physical disabilities, alongside limited exploration of intellectual, sensory, and psychosocial contexts. While robotic interventions demonstrate significant potential for rehabilitation and daily assistance, challenges remain regarding sample sizes, diversity of disabilities addressed, and long-term validation studies. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the state of the art in assistive robotics and identifies future research directions to enhance inclusion, accessibility, and clinical integration

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Mathematical model of intrusion detection based on sequential execution of commands applying pagerank

2020 , Guevara Maldonado, César Byron , Hidalgo, J. , Yandún, M. , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio , Zapata-Saavedra, L. , Ramirez-Morales, I. , Aguilar-Galvez, F. , Chalco-Torres, L. , Ortiz, D.P.

Cybersecurity in networks and computer systems is a very important research area for companies and institutions around the world. Therefore, safeguarding information is a fundamental objective, because data is the most valuable asset of a person or company. Users interacting with multiple systems generate a unique behavioral pattern for each person (called digital fingerprint). This behavior is compiled with the interactions between the user and the applications, websites, communication equipment (PCs, mobile phones, tablets, etc.). In this paper the analysis of eight users with computers with a UNIX operating system, who have performed their tasks in a period of 2 years, is detailed. This data is the history of use in Shell sessions, which are sorted by date and token. With this information a mathematical model of intrusion detection based on time series behaviors is generated. To generate this model a data pre-processing is necessary, which it generates user sessions (Equation presented), where u identifies the user and m the number of sessions the user u has made. Each session (Equation presented) contains a sequence of execution of commands (Equation presented), that is (Equation presented), where n is the position in wich the C command was executed. Only 17 commands have been selected, which are the most used by each user u. In the creation of the mathematical model we apply the page Rank algorithm [1], the same that within a command execution session (Equation presented), determines which command (Equation presented) calls another command (Equation presented), and determines which command is the most executed. For this study we will perform a model with sb subsequences of two commands, (Equation presented), where the algorithm is applied and we obtain a probability of execution per command defined by (Equation presented). Finally, a profile is generated for each of the users as a signal in time series, where maximum and minimum normal behavior is obtained. If any behavior is outside those ranges, it is determined as intrusive behavior, with a detection probability value. Otherwise, it is determined that the behavior is normal and can continue executing commands in a normal way. The results obtained in this model have shown that the proposal is quite effective in the testing phase, with an accuracy rate greater than 90% and a false positive rate of less than 4%. This shows that our model is effective and adaptable to the dynamic behavior of the user. On the other hand, a variability in the execution of user commands has been found to be quite high in periods of short time, but the proposed algorithm tends to adapt quite optimally. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

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