Jadán Guerrero, Janio
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Preferred name
Jadán Guerrero, Janio
Main Affiliation
Quito
Email
janiojadan@uti.edu.ec
ORCID
Scopus Author ID
56267555100

Research Output
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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Publication

Web Accessibility in the Portals of the Countries in the Latin American Index of Artificial Intelligence

2025 , Patricia Acosta-Vargas , Gloria Acosta-Vargas , Belén Salvador-Acosta , Jadán Guerrero, Janio

This study assesses the web accessibility of portals from the Latin American Artificial Intelligence Index (ILIA) countries, emphasizing the digital inclusion of users with disabilities. Using the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.2) as a reference point, the study focuses on the four principles of accessibility: perceptibility, operability, comprehensibility, and robustness. The results show that 43.20 % of the sites met the (minimum) contrast requirements, and 26.48 % met the navigability W3C recommendations. Chile (ranked first, score 73.07) presented 15 contrast issues and six errors overall, demonstrating a firm adherence to accessibility. Brazil (ranked second, with a score of 69.30) showed six contrast issues and eight errors, indicating a solid performance. However, Cuba and Venezuela had significant problems, with 25 and 34 errors, respectively. In contrast, Uruguay ranked high with no errors in contrast and perceptibility, highlighting its leadership in web accessibility in the region. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and developers looking to improve accessibility and digital inclusion across Latin America's digital infrastructure.

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Addressing Web Accessibility Challenges with Generative Artificial Intelligence Tools for Inclusive Education

2024 , Patricia Acosta-Vargas , Gloria Acosta-Vargas , Belén Salvador-Acosta , Jadán Guerrero, Janio

This article addresses the comprehensive evaluation of web accessibility in 20 generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications, such as ChatGPT and DALL-E, through a five-phase approach. Common issues were identified, including inadequate image descriptions, lack of semantic structures, and keyboard navigation challenges. Despite the inherent complexity of generative tools, the importance of evaluating their accessibility to ensure the inclusion of users with diverse abilities is emphasized. The WAVE automatic tool was used to identify issues, and future directions are proposed, such as improving image descriptions and optimizing keyboard navigation. The most significant accessibility challenges are linked to minimal contrast, representing 38%, followed by issues in easy-To-read font and text alternatives, both at 15%, associated with the perceptible principle. The discussion covers areas for improvement, ethical implications, and strategies to foster continuous enhancement in generative AI accessibility, highlighting the importance of balancing benefits and ethical challenges. Future research includes developing techniques for automatically generating consistent image descriptions, refining semantic structures, and optimizing keyboard navigation. Additionally, it is imperative to improve automatic accessibility evaluation tools to address the unique challenges of generative AI applications.

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Publication

Evaluating Web Accessibility in Countries Included in the Latin American Artificial Intelligence Index

2025 , Patricia Acosta-Vargas , Belén Salvador-Acosta , Mauricio Loachamín-Valencia , Marcos Chacón-Castro , Jadán Guerrero, Janio , Luis Salvador-Ullauri

This study examines the relationship between the Latin American Artificial Intelligence Index (ILIA) and the Web Accessibility Index (WAIN) in 19 Latin American countries to evaluate how technological innovation aligns with digital inclusivity. Results reveal notable disparities: Uruguay, Chile, and Brazil excel in both indices, whereas Jamaica and Venezuela face critical challenges. Significantly, high scores in artificial intelligence adoption do not always correlate with improved web accessibility, underscoring the need for integrated strategies that prioritize compliance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2 and inclusive design. The research highlights accessibility as a fundamental pillar for sustainable digital ecosystems and equitable access to technology. Limitations include the regional focus on Latin America, the reliance on automated tools, and the dynamic nature of technology. Future research should incorporate longitudinal analyses, user-centered evaluations, and comparative studies across diverse regions to develop comprehensive frameworks that are grounded in empirical evidence. By aligning technological progress with inclusivity, this study emphasizes the importance of fostering sustainable and accessible digital environments. Recommendations include adopting accessibility standards in early development stages, enhancing public policy, and prioritizing universal design. These steps are essential to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to reducing inequalities and promoting inclusive institutions. This work is a foundation for advancing equitable digital ecosystems in Latin America.

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