Santamaría Velasco, Juan Pablo
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Preferred name
Santamaría Velasco, Juan Pablo
Main Affiliation
Ambato
Email
juansantamaria@uti.edu.ec
ORCID
Scopus Author ID
58289732600

Research Output
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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APPLICABILITY OF THE INTERNATIONAL PROTOCOL ON ECONOMIC, SO-CIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS: RIGHT TO EDUCATION IN AFGHANISTAN

2023 , Masabanda Andreeva Y.J. , Santamaría Velasco, Juan Pablo , Panchi Cerón A.S.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the applicability of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, specifically, in the context of the human right to education in Afghanistan, which is one of the rights that make up the catalog of the Covenant. This right has been widely criticized because the rights enshrined in it (second generation rights) are considered by the doctrine as “costly”, “rights of provision” and, because of this nature, the intervention of the State is undoubtedly required to provide them, even in their most basic manifestation. Unlike the first-generation rights found in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the aim is the freedom of individuals and non-interventionism on the part of the State. A descriptive methodology is used with a qualitative approach in the review of documents and the use of theoretical methods such as analytical, synthetic and inductive-deductive. The results show that Afghanistan is one of the countries that has signed and ratified the ESCR Covenant, however, the lack of a complete and equal education system for men and women violates the provisions of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, since it is not only impossible to speak of a secular education, but also of an equal education for both sexes, which brings with it several violations of human rights. © 2023, University of Cienfuegos, Carlos Rafael Rodriguez. All rights reserved.

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Critical thinking and AI: Enhancing history teaching through ChatGPT simulations

2025 , Santamaría Velasco, Juan Pablo , Núñez-Naranjo, Aracelly Fernanda , Ximena Morales-Urrutia

This work investigates the incorporation of ChatGPT into history education to enhance critical thinking and promote student engagement. A qualitative research design was utilized in this study. The interactions of 40 students with ChatGPT, which mimicked conversations with Simón Bolívar, were examined. Thematic content analysis was used to assess these interactions. The results demonstrate significant progress in students' critical thinking skills, understanding of history, and overall participation. Students exhibited enhanced analytical capabilities and a deeper comprehension of historical events, particularly related to the concept of sustainable development. The results indicate that ChatGPT serves as a valuable resource for enhancing history education. Through the promotion of critical thinking and involvement, it contributes to the development of creative and inclusive educational settings. This research offers a detailed examination of the educational potential inherent in artificial intelligence, highlighting its capacity to revolutionize conventional history teaching methods and equip learners with the skills necessary to confront global challenges.

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Ecuador and Peru without presidents. Are their presidential removal processes constitutionally legal?

2024 , Santamaría Velasco, Juan Pablo , Medina Medina, Vanessa Estefanía

This paper conducts an analysis of presidential impeachment processes in Ecuador and Peru, examining their influence on democracy. The main objective of this research is to analyze how the democracies of Peru and Ecuador are affected by the impeachment processes of their presidents. In the scope of this study, the Constitutions and political systems of Ecuador and Peru were considered as fundamental foundations. The methodology used was quantitative and qualitative, employing a comparative analysis of the legislations and procedures for presidential impeachment. Additionally, the latest study by the Latinbarometer Corporation regarding democracies in Latin America was used as a basis, along with a focus on emblematic cases such as Guillermo Lasso and Pedro Castillo. The results reveal that, while both nations share the goal of strengthening citizen participation, they exhibit significant divergences in the details of their presidential impeachment processes. In Ecuador, a more stringent structure is evident, requiring high thresholds of respect for certain basic due process guarantees, while in Peru, the thresholds are more flexible, subject to the discretion of the Congress. However, in both cases, questions have arisen regarding their effectiveness and impact on the democratic perception of the nations. The conclusions establish that democracy as a form of government requires profound changes to prevent its decline and to avoid the emergence of authoritarianism as a solution to the political crises in Latin America.

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OBSTETRIC VIOLENCE WITHIN SOCIAL SECURITY, A CASE STUDY OF THE ECUADORIAN CONTEXT

2024 , Santamaría Velasco, Juan Pablo , Velasteguí Meléndez, Emily

Gender violence is a recently made visible social phenomenon. One of the types of mistreatment of women is obstetric violence; phenomenon that has not been fully understood. This research aims to analyze obstetric violence in light of the Ecuadorian case, through a qualitative methodological approach and techniques that are based on bibliographic, casuistic, normative and doctrinal review. The case to be analyzed reaches the Constitutional Court of Ecuador through a constitutional mechanism called review of sentences. The Constitutional Court of Ecuador rules on binding jurisprudence for the legal system of Ecuador, setting an important precedent at the regional level. The Court appropriately measures this type of mistreatment of women, and also establishes a clear difference between health services and health rights. Pregnant women belong to what the Ecuadorian Constitution calls priority attention groups. The work carefully addresses legal figures that have not been fully developed in the Ecuadorian context.

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