CRIS :: Universidad Indoamérica

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Towards Accessible and Sustainable Universities: Web Accessibility and Human–Computer Interaction in Latin America
(Springer Nature Switzerland, 2026)
Acosta-Vargas, Patricia
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Acosta-Vargas, Gloria
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Salvador-Acosta, Belén
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Salvador-Ullauri, Luis
;
Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio
This study examines web accessibility in Latin American higher education institutions from a Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) perspective, highlighting its relevance to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). A quantitative and descriptive research design was applied to 50 universities included in the 2025 Webometrics Ranking, using automated HCI-based evaluation tools (WAVE and Google Lighthouse) to assess compliance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2. The evaluation identified 1,238 accessibility errors and 1,393 contrast-related issues, with most violations concentrated in the Perceivable (67.23%) and Operable (28.36%) principles. Countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Chile, and Colombia exhibited the highest levels of noncompliance, while others showed comparatively lower error densities. These results indicate that accessibility barriers in university websites are primarily systemic, stemming from deficiencies in visual perception, navigation, and semantic structure rather than isolated implementation flaws. The findings reinforce the view that web accessibility should not be treated solely as a technical compliance task, but rather as a human-centered, sustainability-oriented dimension of interaction design. Integrating accessibility within HCI frameworks can enhance digital inclusion, reduce educational inequalities, and promote the development of resilient, inclusive, and sustainable digital ecosystems in higher education across Latin America. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
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Web Accessibility in Latin American Universities: A Path to Global Rankings and Digital Inclusion
(2025)
Patricia Acosta-Vargas
;
Gloria Acosta-Vargas
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Belen Salvador-Acosta
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Marcos Chacon-Castro
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Jadán Guerrero, Janio
Web accessibility is increasingly recognized as a key factor in assessing higher education institutions’ quality, inclusion, and social responsibility. This topic is particularly relevant in Latin America, where significant disparities in digital equity and access to resources persist. This study analyzes the web accessibility of the top 20 Latin American universities based on their rankings in QS World University Rankings, Webometrics, SCImago Institutions Rankings, and Times Higher Education (THE). Using automated and manual assessment tools, including WAVE, PageSpeed Insights, and expert assessments, the study identifies 434 contrast errors, 210 missing text alternatives, and 262 navigation issues on university websites. The results show that universities such as USP, UNAM, and Unicamp rank high in international rankings but have critical accessibility deficiencies, highlighting the gap between digital visibility and inclusion. By aligning with WCAG 2.2 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 9 (Industry and Innovation), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities), universities can improve global competitiveness while fostering digital inclusion. This research proposes a structured framework to promote accessibility through a seven-phase methodology, addressing barriers, implementing improvements, and validating effectiveness. The findings provide a systematic approach for universities to optimize accessibility, improve user experience, and strengthen their international positioning
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