A brief review of robotics and artificial intelligence in education

New technologies are consistently integrated into the educational sector to improve its processes and improve learning outcomes. This paper presents a systematic review of the use of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) in education, with a particular focus on systems that incorporate voice recognition or conversational interaction. Educational robots have increasingly supported learning environments, from primary schools to higher education, enhancing motivation, engagement, and participation. Robots with humanoid features and voice capabilities, such as chatbots or speech recognition modules, are especially effective at capturing student attention and fostering interactive learning experiences. The review includes 30 peer-reviewed articles published in the last decade, identified using a PRISMA-based methodology. Studies were selected based on clear methodologies, measurable outcomes, and relevance to general education, excluding medical or highly specialized STEM applications. Mixedmethod analysis combines quantitative assessments of learning gains with qualitative insights into student perceptions. The findings highlight consistent improvements in motivation and classroom dynamics, although cognitive benefits vary depending on educational level, robot design, and integration with pedagogical goals. Limitations include a high reliance on simulations, a strong geographical bias toward English-speaking countries, and a lack of local data sets. In addition, some studies did not find significant learning improvements, highlighting that these technologies should complement rather than replace human teachers. The review identifies future research needs, such as domain adaptation for real-world applications and more extensive studies in underrepresented regions such as Latin America. In general, voice-enabled educational robots demonstrate great potential as interactive learning assistants when thoughtfully implemented, contributing to more engaging, adaptable, and effective educational environments. © 2025 IEEE.