Ramos Galarza, Carlos
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Ramos Galarza, Carlos
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Quito
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carlosramos@uti.edu.ec
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Scopus Author ID
57219164869

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Cognitive and emotional predictors of self-regulated learning: a structural model based on executive functions, learning strategies, and sense of coherence

2025 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Jennifer Obregón , Nancy Lepe-Martínez , Milenko Del Valle , Brenda Guerrero-Tates , Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge

Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) is a complex process that enables university students to consciously manage their learning and achieve strong academic performance throughout their academic career. This process is influenced by various factors, particularly within the cognitive and emotional domains. Specifically, SRL is shaped by variables such as Executive Functions, Sense of Coherence, and Learning Management Strategies. In this study, we hypothesized that Conscious Monitoring of Responsibilities, Supervisory Attentional System, Deliberate Emotion Regulation, Manageability, Meaningfulness, and Conscious Motivational Strategies contribute significantly to the variance observed in SRL. Two explanatory models were proposed to represent the dynamic relationships among these variables. The study involved a sample of 1316 university students from two Latin American countries: Chile (n = 631, Mage=20.18, SD=2.06) and Ecuador (n = 685, Mage=20.71, SD=1.99). Three scales were used to assess the variables included in the models, each demonstrating acceptable to strong internal consistency (α=0.70 to 0.85). The results revealed moderate to strong correlations among the variables (r = 0.27 to 0.64). The explained variance of SRL was 24% for the emotional and 30% for the cognitive dimensions. Both proposed models demonstrated adequate fit indices (CFI=0.96, RMSEA=0.05, SRMR=0.04), supporting the structural validity of the models. These findings suggest that SRL is the result of a complex interaction between cognitive and emotional factors. The models proposed in this study offer a valuable foundation for the development of targeted interventions aimed at enhancing SRL in university students and, consequently, improving their academic performance

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Development and Validation of A Brief Scale to Assess Attachment in Adults: Psychometric Analysis in Latin America [Desarrollo y Validación de Una Escala Breve Para Valorar el Apego en Adultos: Análisis Psicométrico en América Latina]

2020 , Ortiz-Granja D. , Acosta-Rodas P. , Lepe-Martínez N. , Valle M.D. , Ramos V. , Pasquel M.B. , Ramos Galarza, Carlos

Assessment of the adult attachment in the Latin American context as a research line is not yet solved. This study has the aim to present the results of the development and validation of a scale to assess the adult attachment. The sample was composed of 1563 participants aged between 17 and 33 years from Chile and Ecuador. This scale was formed by 14 items, which allowed the assessment of secure attachment, avoidant attachment, and ambivalent attachment. Results are as following: (a) the scale presented an adequate internal consistency for secure attachment α=.73 and ω=.82, avoidant α=.58 and ω=.70, and ambivalent α=.69 and ω=.73; (b) adequate convergent validity with sense of coherence (r=.34 and .43, p=< .001); (c) the exploratory factor analysis kept up the items’ organization developed KMO=.77, x2=4133.91, p=<.001; and, (d) the confirmatory factor analysis presented a good fit with three items for each attachment type x2(24)=136.28, p=<.001, CFI=.95, RMSEA=.05(.04–.06), SRMR=.03. Findings of psychometric properties are discussed, highlighting the contribution of this scale in the Latin American context and its relationship with previous research. © 2020 Fundacion para la difusion neurologica en Ecuador - FUNDINE. All rights reserved.

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Youth and politics: A review of studies from Latin America [Jóvenes y política: Una revisión de estudios desde Latinoamerica]

2018 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Apolo-Buenaño D. , Jadán Guerrero, Janio

The perception that young people have about politics in Latin America is characterized by a disenchantment and disinterest caused by the praxis of politicians. The dissociation that exists between the democratic discourses proposed in the campaign and the petty action in the execution of these, have created in the young a departure from the formal practice of politics in society. This disappointment is reaffirmed when young people experience political consequences in systems of care for society, as is the case of neglect within the health system, to give an example. Another factor that negatively influences the political construction of youth is the content offered in the mass media. In the present article a review of several factors has been carried out that have influenced the perception of the young Latin American towards politics. The methodology used was based on the review of twenty-three articles indexed in the main databases: Latindex, Redalyc, Scielo, JSTOR, SAGE, SCOPUS and WEB OF SCIENCE. The search terms used were: politics, youth, political perception of Latin American youth. Copyright © 2018 (Carlos Ramos-Galarza et al).

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Consumer Behavior in Electronic Word of Mouth: A Bibliometric Approach

2025 , Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge , Saeidi, Parvaneh , Ekaterina Zabelina , Olga Deyneka , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Andrés Palacio-Fierro

Electronic word of mouth (eWOM) is a consumer behavior that involves the dissemination of communications about brands, products, and companies with clear positive or negative valence. eWOM is attracting great attention from academics and practitioners, which is reflected in the growing number of publications on the subject. Thus, the present study aims to contribute to the organization and description of this knowledge through the use of bibliometric techniques. This study analyzes a documentary corpus of 2,331 eWOM documents existing in the Scopus database. The descriptive analysis of this body of documents confirms a rapid growth in the pace of publication. The data further highlight eWOM as a multidisciplinary academic field with a center of gravity in business, management, and accounting. However, the analysis shows a great predominance of institutions and researchers from developed and emerging countries. The analysis of the co-occurrence of terms leads to the identification of three thematic clusters: (1) search and use of eWOM by the consumer, (2) the consumer’s experience and satisfaction in the consumption of services, and (3) the consumer behavior in the generation of eWOM. The analysis of the overlay visualization of terms allows us to verify an evolution in research interest from the orientation to lay the theoretical foundations of eWOM to the current interest in delving into search behavior and the use of eWOM in decision making. Finally, the present study formulates the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

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Organizational Culture and Digital Transformation: A Bibliometric Approach

2022 , Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge , Parra-Domínguez J. , Zabelina E. , Deyneka O. , Ramos Galarza, Carlos

Organizational culture is a key to the success of business digital-transformation initiatives. The current study presents a bibliometric approach to the current knowledge of culture and digital transformation. For this purpose, 407 relevant documents were analyzed. The descriptive analysis indicated a panorama of great growth in the literature. An analysis of word co-occurrence in titles and abstracts was used to identify four areas of research interest: (1) training and learning among personnel, (2) cultural values that underpin the digital transformation, (3) environmental influences, and (4) technologies that enable digital transformation. Finally, little international collaboration between author networks was found. © 2022 IEEE.

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Factorial structure of the sense of coherence and its relation with attachment [Estructura factorial del sentido de coherencia y su relación de apego]

2020 , Ortiz-Granja D. , Jayo-Suquillo L. , Ramos Galarza, Carlos

The Sense of Coherence is formed by three factors: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. In this study, its factorial structure was analyzed through assessment with the SOC-29 scale and its relationship with attachment. Three hypotheses were proposed to assess the reliability, convergent validity and factorial structure, using a sample of 445 participants. Statistical analysis was based on descriptive techniques, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation and confirmatory factor analysis. The results obtained provide evidence in favor of the hypotheses, with an internal consistency of α=.82, a significant correlation with attachment r=.27 to. 83 and an acceptable fit of the model χ2=1275.88, CFI=.85, RMSEA=.07 [.06-.07], SRMR=.04. The study highlights the importance of the linguistic changes made to adapt the scale to the Ecuadorian context. Two important limitations are mentioned regarding its application as a self-report and the geographical location, which need to be taken into consideration in subsequent studies. © 2020 Instituto Brasileiro de Avaliacao Psicologica. All rights reserved.

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Neuropsychological assessment of attention: Symbols and digits test.

2018 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Acosta-Rodas P. , Jadán Guerrero, Janio , Guevara-Maldonado C.B. , Zapata-Rodríguez M. , Apolo-Buenaño D.

Introduction: The symbol digit modality test is a reactive which provides great support in neuropsychological evaluation. Its execution permits to evaluate brain functions such as visual perception, stimuli recognition, attention (focal, selective and sustained), task supervision, interference control among others. Object: The purpose of the current research study was to analyze the normative percentiles of the execution of the test, to identify the performance activity of the reactive according to age group and gender; applying the test in a sample of college students. Method: The sample included 250 university students,142 (56.8%) males and 108 (43.2%) females. The age range of the participants was between 18 and 34 years old (M=21.53, DE=2.25). A transversal, non-experimental, quantitative research model with a correlational scope was used. Results: The correct answer average for the test was 52.83 (DE=13,60) and for percentile P5 31,55 right answers were found; for percentile P75 60,00 right answers, P25 had 46,00 right answers, and for P95 74,45 right answers were found. No significant differences were found for the mean of errors in the test in terms of age group f(3, 246)=0,67, p=0,57 and gender t(248)=0,68, p=0,49 of the participants as comparison factor. Conclusions: Results were discussed based on prior research pointing out the importance of counting with a first statistical parameter of the test as ground for neuropsychological clinical practice in Ecuador. © 2018 Fundacion para la difusion neurologica en Ecuador - FUNDINE. All rights reserved.

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Executive functions in university students from Chile and Ecuador: Dataset

2025 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Diego D. Díaz-Guerra , Marena de la C. Hernández-Lugo , Bolaños-Pasquel, Mónica , Yunier Broche-Pérez

Executive functions are high-level cognitive abilities that enable individuals to regulate their behavior and thought processes consciously. In the university setting, students must effectively utilize these functions to achieve success in both their personal and academic development. The key executive functions relevant to the university context include: the supervisory attentional system, deliberate emotional regulation, conscious monitoring of responsibilities, behavior verification for learning, task organization, conscious behavior regulation, and decision-making. This dataset comprises 1373 surveys from university students in Ecuador and Chile, aged between 17 and 33 years (Mage = 20.53, SD = 2.34). It includes descriptive statistical values for the sample, item responses, and detailed descriptions of each evaluated variable. This database is designed to facilitate further analysis of the Executive Functions Scale and the role of these cognitive skills in the university environment.

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Artificial Intelligence and Tomorrow’s Education

2021 , Cóndor-Herrera, Omar , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio , Jadán Guerrero, Janio , Ramos Galarza, Carlos

Nowadays, there is a rapid technological progress around the world that has enabled realities long ago unimaginable. We live in a technological era that represents new possibilities and challenges for society, and for the educational models in each country [1]. Research on smart education, which has forced the educational community to rethink on new ways of learning and teaching has been developed globally. Due to the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), the educational model for both, teachers and students will change. Nevertheless, to transform educational systems, it is necessary to update and train students, educators, and administrators effectively [2]. This research aims to describe the possible applications of AI in education from: 1) the automation of administrative tasks; 2) collection and analysis of information [3] to create smart content; 3) the implementation of virtual assistants in the teaching-learning process; 4) the potential delivery of lectures by humanoid robots with AI. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Moderator Role of Monitoring in the Inhibitory Control of Adolescents With ADHD

2021 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Pérez-Salas C.

Objective: The aim of this research was to analyze the role of monitoring in the causal relationship between inhibitory control and symptoms of combined ADHD. Method: It has been conducted a quantitative investigation of two phases. Results: In the first study, a moderation model was analyzed (N = 144 adolescents with combined ADHD), where monitoring was considered as a moderating variable in the causal relationship between the inhibitory control and the symptomatology of ADHD F(3, 140) = 28.03, p <.001; R2 =.37. In the second study, the model through an experimental study was tested (N = 52 adolescents with and without ADHD) where it was found that adolescents with ADHD improve in their inhibitory control when they receive external support to the monitoring F(1, 50) = 21.38, p <.001, η2 =.30. Conclusion: Results suggest that monitoring compensates the poor performance of inhibitory control in adolescents with ADHD, which is a contribution to the theoretical construction of ADHD and to the treatments proposed for this condition because it goes beyond the classic conception of a causality chain among the deficit of inhibitory control and ADHD symptomatology to propose a new explanation about this disorder, where neuropsychology intervention of monitoring would diminish ADHD’s symptomatology impact on adolescents. © ©The Author(s) 2018.

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