Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio
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Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio
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Ambato
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mayala@uti.edu.ec
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57215428914

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Design of a Gravity Ropeway in Nepal: A Methodological Analysis for Appropriate Technologies

2024 , Elena Blanco-Romero , Carles Domènech-Mestres , Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio

This article describes the complete development of a design project for a context-integrated appropriate technology, a gravity ropeway for transporting agricultural products in remote areas of Nepal. The main purpose was to improve and optimize existing gravity ropeway designs, prioritizing simplicity, safety, and local manufacturability and maintenance. The design process followed a phased methodological approach used in machine design, which included stages of definition, conceptual design, materialization, and detailed design. The results of the ropeway installation demonstrate a reduction in the time and effort required by farmers to transport their products, consequently leading to a significant improvement in their quality of life. Despite the methodology followed, deficiencies were identified in the project execution procedure: lack of documentation and lack of explicit consideration of the local context in the design specifications, which could compromise the continuity and success of the project. This analysis highlights the need to adapt traditional design methodologies to appropriate technology projects. Specific procedures that address the characteristics of the local environment should be included to integrate the design into the context and accurately determine the needs of users in development projects.

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Electric Monitoring System for Residential Customers Using Wireless Technology

2022 , Buele, Jorge , Morales-Sánchez J.C. , Varela Aldas, José , Palacios-Navarro G. , Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio

Power grids continue to develop and it is increasingly difficult to guarantee the quality of service offered to the user. In several developing countries, consumption is calculated on the basis of visual inspection, which is prone to errors. Consequently, this document outlines the construction of electrical consumption telemetering equipment. This is designed to reduce human error through manual measures and have a web backup that can be accessed from anywhere. To develop the prototype voltage and current sensors are used, and the signal is conditioned for the control stage. The processing unit is the Arduino Mega embedded board, which incorporates a GPRS Shield (General Packet Radio Services) that handles communication with a LAMP server (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) connected to the Internet. It also incorporates a block of connection and disconnection of the electrical service that would leave the whole house without service. Two functionalities are used to present the data, one is local on the LCD display of the equipment installed in the home (user) and the second is remote access to a website (server). The results show that in comparison with a standard voltage device it presents an error of 0.28% and 4.12% in current. In this way, the use of this prototype for real-time monitoring of electricity consumption is validated, since it works similarly to a conventional one. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Sustainable Development in Higher Education Curricula for Software Engineering Chairs

2023 , León Toro, Jenny Marcela , Buele, Jorge , Camino-Morejón V.M. , Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio

Nowadays, society demands that high quality teaching practices must be part of the curriculum in higher education institutions. The interdisciplinarity view of the contents taught has made the technical aspects of engineering merge with social, cultural, and economic nuances. In this sense, the new generations of students show their interest in learning and carrying out activities that contribute to sustainability, for this reason, the inclusion of ecological themes in the subjects of computer science and software career is required. A bibliographical analysis was carried out that allowed recognition of main concepts and methodologies applied to the subject. As a result of them, an adjustment of chairs is presented allowing integrating conventional teaching with the new trends of green technology. Reforms were implemented from introductory courses to theoretical knowledge of green software, to the development of web applications with the same approach. In the same way, it involves the management of computer projects, modeling, monitoring, and optimization of resources, and green evaluation. According to the socio-educational model, the articulation between technology and sustainability will allow managing software projects that provide real solutions to problems in context. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Towards Smart Agriculture: An Overview of Big Data in the Agricultural Industry

2025 , Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio , Avilés-Castillo, Fátima

Agriculture is currently undergoing progressive diversification and expansion, as demonstrated by the wide range of research topics and methodologies being employed. The growing need for technology to enhance agricultural processes is increasingly evident and prominently highlighted in recent studies. To assess the influence of Big Data on agriculture and its potential to advance Smart Agriculture, this bibliometric study was conducted. The research consolidates bibliometric data from the Scopus database, using the Bibliometrix package to identify trends in this field. The findings show a growing annual publication rate, indicating increasing interest in the integration of data analysis methodologies within agriculture. The collaborative nature of the research, combined with a high citation rate per document and diversity of key terms, underscores the importance of this field and its potential contribution to achieving Smart Agriculture. The convergence of Big Data, the Internet of Things, and agriculture is particularly noteworthy, as these technologies are improving decision-making and efficiency in the agricultural sector. Despite certain limitations, this study highlights the transformative potential of these advancements and suggests areas for future research, thus laying the groundwork for a more sustainable, productive, and intelligent agricultural future.

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Evaluation of Accessibility on the PAR Platform from the Perspective of Physicians

2024 , Patricia Acosta-Vargas , Gloria Acosta-Vargas , Marco Santórum , Mayra Carrión Toro , Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio , Verónica Maldonado-Garcés , Mario Gonzalez-Rodriguez

Web accessibility is fundamental to inclusive healthcare. Digital health platforms must be accessible to all healthcare professionals, including those with disabilities. This study evaluates the accessibility of the PAR platform from the perspective of physicians, highlighting critical aspects of digital inclusion in healthcare. 11 web pages of the platform were analyzed using the WAVE tool and evaluation manual by accessibility experts and doctors specialized in physiotherapy. Although the platform meets WCAG 2.2 accessibility standards at level \mathbf{A}, several barriers are identified, such as a lack of image descriptions, contrast, and navigation issues. The platform achieved a 98.9% compliance rate, with only 15 issues identified. The ARIA category presented significant challenges, with a compliance rate of 14.5%. The need to improve the automatic description of images and optimize navigation for users with disabilities is highlighted. The Perceptible and Understandable principles showed a compliance rate of 66.9% and 16.1%, respectively, pointing to opportunities for improvement in information presentation and clarity. These findings inform future improvements focused on addressing identified barriers and promoting an inclusive experience on the PAR platform for healthcare professionals.

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Static reactive power compensator design, based on three-phase voltage converter

2021 , Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio , Kavrakov B.S. , Buele, Jorge , Varela Aldas, José

At present, electrical network stability is of the utmost importance because of the increase in electric demand and the integration of distributed generation deriving from renewable energy. In this paper, we proposed a static reactive power compensator model with common direct current voltage sources. Converter parameters were calculated and designed to fulfill specifications. In order to ascertain the device response for different operating modes as reactive power consumer and generator, we developed the model’s power and control circuits in Matlab Simulink. Simulations were performed for different conditions, and as a result, the current and voltage waveforms and the circular power chart were obtained. This paper has theoretically proven it is possible to achieve the consumption or generation of purely active or reactive power by implementing a static reactive power compensator with common DC voltage sources. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

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IoT Monitoring to Control a Bicycle Parking Lot

2022 , Ruales, María Belén , Lara-Alvarez P. , Riba C. , Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio

In recent years, the development of new technologies has improved the management of resources and services at the urban level. In this sense, several cities worldwide have developed intelligent infrastructures such as Smart Cities in which, through data collection and management, they aim to achieve social, environmental and economic improvements. Innovative bike racks are a promising solution to traffic-related problems in major cities around the world; however, there is a lack of low-cost solutions for controlling and monitoring bike racks and thus boosting the mobility of cyclists. This paper presents a system to monitor and control a bicycle parking lot. In order to achieve this goal, software and hardware specifications were defined and characterised by the control system. The conceptual design and detail of the prototype and the materialisation proceeded, where technology with ESP8266 microcontrollers and Raspberry Pi+Ethernet/WiFi microprocessors was used in the MQTT communication protocol to implement its architecture. The system implements in the bicycle parking lot of the Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica. The series of data collected allowed for determining the frequency of use. With this, a database creates where the information on the frequency of use of bicycles is stored. Finally, through a mobile application, the availability of parking spaces can be consulted, and bikes in the parking lot can monitor. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Evaluation of the energy autonomy of urban areas as an instrument to promote the energy transition

2022 , Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio , Riba Sanmartí G. , Riba C. , Lara P.

The management of energy systems with a high share of renewables is a challenge for grid planners and operators, as weather and energy demand do not always coincide. Investigating the energy autonomy of cities and their local energy resources can help to overcome this challenge. To this end, real energy demand data from the city of Loja, Ecuador, and wind energy generation from a nearby wind farm were compared. This showed that wind energy provides 53% of the city’s demand. It is exposed that despite the excess energy, the wind farm’s ability to supply the city with electricity is limited to about 74% when the wind farm is expanded to twice its rated capacity. The results show that in order to improve the autonomy, other energy sources, such as photovoltaic, as well as useful size energy storage are needed. © 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

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Vortex Optimization of a Low-Head Gravity Hydroelectric Power Plant

2022 , Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio , Rojas-Asuero H. , Riba-Sanmartí G. , Ramón-Campoverde J.

Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plant (GWVPP) is a Small-Scale Hydropower System which converts energy in a moving fluid to rotational energy. The main advantage of this technology is the low head hydraulic requirements. The aim of this work is to optimize the hydraulic geometry of the vortex, to achieve this, two prototypes (A and B) were designed and built to validate the proposed design process. The prototype A has a flat-bottom chamber and prototype B has a conical chamber outlet; both induce spiraling fluid streamlines. Prototypes were studied numerically and experimentally. The numerical study was developed in ANSYS CFX R19.0 software and the experimental phase was carried out in the fluid’s laboratory of the Technical University of Loja in Ecuador. The results show that the conical chamber improves strong free-surface vortex formation and increases water velocity in the center of the vortex flow. Finally, the proposed design method was validated and allows to reproduce the hydraulic structures of the gravity water vortex power plant. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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Enhancing Sustainability through Accessible Health Platforms: A Scoping Review

2023 , Ramírez-Saltos D. , Acosta-Vargas P. , Acosta-Vargas G. , Santórum M. , Carrion-Toro M. , Ayala-Chauvin, Manuel Ignacio , Ortiz-Prado E. , Maldonado-Garcés V. , González-Rodríguez M.

The digital transformation of healthcare platforms has ushered in a new era of accessibility, making health information and services widely available. This comprehensive scoping review delves into the accessibility landscape of health platforms by analyzing 29 carefully selected research articles. These studies employ automated tools and manual evaluations to evaluate platform accessibility comprehensively. This study revealed that (52%) of these articles are based on automated methods, while 34% combine automated and manual approaches. Most studies show compliance with the latest versions of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG), with a significant focus (70%) on compliance with level A. This study reveals recurring issues within the perceivable operable, understandable, and robust categories, underscoring the pressing need for strict the accessibility testing of health platforms. This study demonstrates substantial agreement between raters, reinforced by a Cohen’s kappa coefficient of 0.613, indicating their reliability in classifying the articles. Future efforts should persist in refining accessibility standards, advocating for compliance with the WCAG, exploring innovative methods to assess the accessibility of healthcare platforms, and conducting user-centered research. This review highlights the paramount importance of ensuring equitable access to health information and services for people, regardless of their abilities or conditions, which resonates significantly with the issue of sustainability in healthcare and its socioeconomic and environmental implications. © 2023 by the authors.

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