Centro de investigación en Mecatrónica y Sistemas Interactivos
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Analysis and improvement of the web accessibility of a tele-rehabilitation platform for hip arthroplasty patients

2019 , Calle-Jimenez T. , Sanchez-Gordon S. , Rybarczyk Y. , Jadán Guerrero, Janio , Villarreal S. , Esparza W. , Acosta-Vargas P. , Guevara C. , Nunes I.L.

This paper explains some of the challenges that exist to make accessible the web interfaces of a Tele-rehabilitation platform for hip arthroplasty patients and propose an iterative method to improve the level of accessibility using automatic evaluation tools. Web accessibility is not concerned with the specific conditions of people who use the Web, but with the impact that their conditions have on their ability to use it. If the web interfaces of the Tele-rehabilitation platform for hip arthroplasty patients are not accessible enough, the patients will not be able to understand, perceive or operate adequately the platform to benefit completely of the physical therapy. The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.0) provides a set of rules and recommendations to help solve the problems of Web accessibility. Additionally, there are evaluation tools that allow identifying main web accessibility problems. These tools are best exploited when used by accessibility experts. The purpose of this research is threefold. First, to present the results of a web accessibility evaluation of the web interfaces of the Tele-rehabilitation Platform for Hip Arthroplasty Patients using three the evaluation tools: WAVE, AChecker and TAW. Second, to analyze the results presented by the tools according to the WCAG 2.0 guidelines to define a list of accessibility improvements. Third, to implement the improvements through the re-factorization of the existing code and re-testing the improved web interfaces to verify that they meet acceptable accessibility levels. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019.

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Escape Rooms: A Formula for Injecting Interaction in Chemistry Classes

2022 , Aimacaña-Espinosa L. , Chacón-Castro M. , Jadán Guerrero, Janio

Chemistry teaching requires active methodologies that involve students in carrying out activities that generate critical thinking. The Escape Rooms is a micro gamification strategy where the student escapes from the traditional classroom. In this room the student must find keys, do puzzles, investigate, solve riddles and obtain combinations or objects. The goal of this study focuses on proposing Escape Rooms to strengthen high school chemistry teaching. The proposal contains activities designed by the teacher, which will be solved by students in a certain time using technological resources. To implement this work, a baseline was drawn up through an interview with three teachers from Chemistry area; as well as a 178 student’s survey. As a result of the exploratory research, the need for teachers and students to implement playful methodologies is evidenced, this would allow inferring that Escape Rooms is a novel and attractive strategy for teaching chemistry. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Theoretical approach to the phonon modes of GaSb nanowires

2022 , Cuevas, J.L. , Ojeda, M. , Calvino, M. , Trejo, A. , Salazar, F. , Miranda, A. , Perez, L.A. , Cruz-Irisson, M.

Gallium Antimonide nanowires (GaSbNWs) have attracted much attention due to their possible applications in mid infrared detectors, however, there are only few theoretical investigations about this material and almost none regarding its vibrational properties. In this work the phonon modes of GaSbNWs were studied using the density functional theory with the finite displacement supercell scheme. The nanowires are modeled by removing atoms outside from a circumference along the [1 1 1] direction. All surface dangling bonds were passivated with hydrogen atoms. The results show that the expected red-shift of the highest frequency modes of GaSb are hindered by low frequency H bond bending modes. Three clearly distinguishable frequency intervals were observed: One with vibrations whose main contribution come from the Ga and Sb nanowire atoms, the second interval with main contributions from H bending modes and finally a high frequency interval where the main contributions come from H stretching modes. Also, it was observed that the radial breathing mode (RBM) decreases when the nanowire diameter increases, while the contrary tendency is observed with their specific heat (the specific heat increases as the nanowire diameter increases), except in the low temperature region where the lower diameters have higher specific heat values. These results could be important for the characterization of these nanowires with IR and Raman techniques. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

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Providing Access to Educational TV for Children Using RFID Technology

2022 , Zapata-Rodríguez M. , Álvarez-Tello J. , Arias Flores, Hugo Patricio

Television is a communication medium found in most homes, facilitating accessibility to educational content through the reading-learning process. This paper presents a control system for educational television that allows the selection and playback of pre-recorded videos in a television decoder using RFID tags. This has been designed based on a controller that allows replacing the commands sent by a conventional remote control. To meet this educational objective, a prototype is developed from the mechanical, electronic and computer concept, to integrate a technological proposal that facilitates reading-learning, through a televised program and satellite transmission, integrating an instrument of personalized pedagogical assistance to an Ecuadorian spectacled bear for the assistance of children of a young age or with any type of disability that prevents them from handling a remote control. As a result, we obtained the experimental development of a basic prototype for learning-reading that works with connection to satellite equipment and activates the components for learning through television by means of an RFDI system. A unique tag is used for each pre-recorded program. When the RFID reader reads a tag that has been previously assigned, the TV module will transmit the sequence of signals needed to the TV decoder to play the specific movie or report. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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The triple helix model linked to knowledge transfer and economic progress from universities [El modelo de la triple hélice vinculado a la transferencia de conocimiento y progreso económico desde las universidades]

2023 , Bonilla-Jurado, Diego , Guevara Maldonado, César Byron , Montero I.K.S. , Pazmiño S.J.I. , Zuta M.E.C.

The strategic actions that are being developed from the Ecuadorian universities, are heading towards the linking of innovative factors under an interrelated scheme known as Triple Helix, whose intention is framed in connecting entrepreneurship, using knowledge and society as a platform, generating a model sustainable development between university-state-business. The objective of this research is to show the relationship between university-company-state with entrepreneurial research through the triple helix functional model, with a view to innovative potentializing that serves as a boost to socioeconomic progress. The research approach is qualitative at a descriptive level, using a hermeneutical review focused on entrepreneurship studies, business and university alliances, government plans and the triple helix theory. The results indicate that scientific research based on the triple helix method should be strengthened, the main obstacles being lack of communication, business disinterest and distorted state policies. The Ecuadorian universities UEM, UTB and UEB must make concerted efforts so that the investigations are directed towards the true social needs of each area. The conclusions indicate that the links of the triple helix model lead to socioeconomic strengthening through the development of research and scientific projects, without neglecting technological advances. © Este es un artículo en acceso abierto.

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From Face-to-Face Learning to Virtual Learning: Students’ Perspective

2023 , Cóndor-Herrera, Omar , Bolaños-Pasquel, Mónica , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge

This article reports the results found in an investigation which analyzed the perception that students have regarding the virtual learning process developed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study involved 38 students from a Latin American institution whose age ranged from 13 to 15 years of age, who carried out their academic activities virtually for a school year, once the school period ended, a survey was applied to collect information on the experience in virtual classes, once the results have been analyzed, it is evident that the vast majority of students issued responses in favor of virtual teaching and that virtual classes served to develop their skills in managing technological resources, on the other hand a number of participants They did not indicate the learning experience as positive or negative. This may be related to the fact that a group of participants did not have good quality internet. In the same way, the results reflect that the students consider that not having adequate equipment and good quality internet quality are a limitation in the learning process virtual lift. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Anomaly detection with negative selection and graphs of user behavior profiles [Detección de anomalías con selección negativa y gráfos de perfiles de comportamiento del usuario]

2018 , Maldonado C.B.G. , Jadán Guerrero, Janio

This work proposes the application of a Negative Selection Algorithm inspired in Artificial Immune Systems and the use of Graphs. This approach allows to identify anomalous activities based on user's behavior, during the execution of tasks, as well as at the end of the user session. The main contributions of this work are: creation of a graph-based user profile for the detection and prediction of anomalies in execution tasks. In addition, the generation of anomalous behaviors for the detection of irregularities at the end of the user session. The article presents in detail the development and the acceptable result in the detection of fraudulent tasks, showing an optimum precision and a low percentage of false positives. © AISTI 2016.

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Didactic Strategy for the Teaching of Educational Robotics and Programming at Secondary Level

2024 , Sarro K.A. , Chacón-Castro M. , Molina Madrigal E.G. , Jadán Guerrero, Janio

This research article focuses on the use of programming through the Scratch program as an educational tool to develop computational thinking skills and robotics in high school students of the Polytechnic High School of the National University of Moreno (ESPUNM). The main objective is to evaluate the feasibility of developing computational thinking in high school students through the teaching of programming with Scratch, emphasizing interdisciplinarity, creativity and problem solving. The methodology comprises two stages. In the first, practical activities were carried out with Scratch, involving students from 11 to 15 years old who are taking the Educational Robotics workshop. In the second stage, a semi-structured observation was carried out and a virtual forum was established for the evaluation of the students, which showed consistency in the data found. After analyzing the results, it was found that the students responded favorably to the teaching strategies implemented in the process. Finally, it is concluded that Scratch is an effective tool for teaching programming and the development of computational thinking, thus allowing to face the challenges of a constantly changing technological context. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.

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E-learning and M-learning Benefits in the Learning Process

2021 , Cóndor-Herrera, Omar , Bolaños-Pasquel, Mónica , Ramos Galarza, Carlos

This paper elaborates around the perception that students have regarding the learning process based on technological means: e-learning and m-learning combined. The experiment’s sample consisted of 16 students between 9 and 12 years old (37.2% female and 62.5% male). The results showed that most students are in favor of using technology to improve their motivation to learn, which significantly improves their willingness to complete learning activities. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

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Factorial Structure of the EOCL-1 Scale to Assess Executive Functions

2021 , Ramos Galarza, Carlos , Cruz Cárdenas, Jorge , Bolaños-Pasquel M. , Acosta-Rodas P.

The process of assessing executive functions through behavioral observation scales is still under theoretical and empirical construction. This article reports on the analysis of the factorial structure of the EOCL-1 scale that assesses executive functions, as proposed by the theory developed by Luria, which has not been previously considered in this type of evaluation. In this scale, the executive functions taken into account are error correction, internal behavioral and cognition regulatory language, limbic system conscious regulation, decision making, future consideration of consequences of actions, goal-directed behavior, inhibitory control of automatic responses, creation of new behavioral repertoires, and cognitive–behavioral activity verification. A variety of validity and reliability analyses were carried out, with the following results: (a) an adequate internal consistency level of executive functions between α = 0.70 and α = 0.83, (b) significant convergent validity with a scale that assesses frontal deficits between r = −0.07 and r = 0.28, and (c) the scale’s construct validity that proposes a model with an executive central factor comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.93, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.04 (LO.04 and HI.04), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.04, and x2(312) = 789.29, p = 0.001. The findings are discussed based on previous literature reports and in terms of the benefits of using a scale to assess the proposed executive functions. © Copyright © 2021 Ramos-Galarza, Cruz-Cárdenas, Bolaños-Pasquel and Acosta-Rodas.

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