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    The educational mismatch between the 1998 and 2008 constitutions and the curricular reform in Ecuador
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2026-06-25)
    Núñez Torres, María Giovanna  
    ;
    Buele, Jorge  
    Introduction The constitutional reforms adopted in Ecuador between 1998 and 2008 transformed the legal status of education, redefining it as a fundamental human right and strengthening the role of the State in educational governance. In this context, education acquired a central role within national development strategies. Methods This study employed a qualitative design based on documentary analysis of constitutional texts, educational laws, curricular reforms, and policy documents. The analysis focused on the right to education, educational governance, and the relationship between curricular reform and national development. Results The findings show that the 2008 constitutional reform expanded the scope of the right to education and reinforced the role of the State in regulating the system. At the curricular level, the Unified General Baccalaureate introduced a common curriculum aimed at strengthening competencies and system coherence. However, tensions are identified between the inclusive and intercultural constitutional approach and policy instruments that prioritize standardization, performance assessment, and alignment with the labor market. Discussion The study identifies an educational mismatch between constitutional principles, curricular organization, and implementation conditions. This mismatch reflects the coexistence of a humanistic, rights-based approach with governance mechanisms oriented toward measurable outcomes, which limits articulation between educational levels and attention to territorial diversity. The findings highlight the need for greater systemic coherence and provide an analytical framework to examine similar tensions in Latin America.