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    Sustainable Development as a Transformative Axis of the European Union’s Trade Policy
    (2025)
    Christian Arias
    ;
    Varela Aldas, José  
    This study analyzes the strategic and institutional frameworks that precede the formulation of trade agreements, with a focus on the European Union’s external action and its link to the Sustainable Development Goals. Based on a documentary research design, this study examines official documents from the EU and the United Nations, as well as the academic literature indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. The methodological process involved four phases: systematic search, selection and classification, inductive content coding, and interpretative analysis. Through this process, this study identifies discursive patterns, normative tensions, and policy orientations that reveal the EU’s evolving approach to sustainable trade governance. The findings highlight the existence of a growing institutional alignment between trade policy and sustainable development frameworks, yet also expose persistent gaps in coherence and implementation. This article contributes to the academic debate by offering a critical and structured analytical lens to understand how trade agreements are politically and institutionally prefigured before their negotiation phase.
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    Sustainable Innovation in Product Development: Current Challenges and Opportunities
    (2025)
    Homero J. Velasteguí
    ;
    Esteban Moreno-Vega
    ;
    Jefferson Marcalla
    ;
    Buele, Jorge  
    In the current context of industrial and environmental transformation, the development of sustainable products has become a key strategy to address the challenges of climate change and the depletion of natural resources. Companies are rethinking their production systems to meet growing social, regulatory, and environmental demands. Despite these efforts, the shift toward sustainable models still face significant challenges, including fragmented knowledge, lack of access to digital tools in some regions, and limited integration of interdisciplinary approaches. This article presents a narrative review aimed at synthesizing theoretical and practical advances in sustainable product development from a systemic perspective that incorporates technological, design, environmental, and social dimensions. The methodology involved a narrative literature review of recent scientific publications related to technological innovation, circular economy, and industrial sustainability. The selected content was organized into three key thematic areas: (1) technological innovation and industrial sustainability, (2) sustainable design and circular economy, and (3) environmental and social impact alongside current and future challenges. Key findings show that digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence and blockchain are transforming industrial processes by improving energy efficiency, traceability, and decision-making capabilities. At the same time, sustainable design practices and the use of renewable or waste-based materials, such as natural fibber and agricultural by-products, offer viable alternatives to conventional production. Persistent barriers include resistance to change, regulatory gaps, and unequal access to innovation. The review concludes that advancing sustainable product development requires integrated, collaborative, and flexible strategies that align technological progress with social inclusion and environmental regeneration.
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