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Species distributions models: A synthetic revision [Modelos de distribución de especies: Una revisión sintética]
(2011)
Mateo R.G.
;
Felicísimo A.M.
;
Muñoz J.
In the last years a new tool has become widely used in ecological studies: species distribution models. These models analyze the spatial patterns of presence of organisms objectively, by means of statistical and cartographic procedures based on real data. They infer the presence of potentially suitable areas according to their environmental characteristics. Data stored in natural history collections can be used for this purpose, which gives new opportunities to use to these types of data. The models have evolved from the analysis of single species to the study of hundreds or thousands of taxa which are combined for the assessment of biodiversity and species richness. In this paper we review the variety of methods used, their potential and weaknesses, and the limiting factors that influence the interpretation of species distribution models.
Scopus© Citations 118 35
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Legume diversity patterns in West Central Africa: Influence of species biology on distribution models
(2012)
de la Estrella M.
;
Mateo R.G.
;
Wieringa J.J.
;
Mackinder B.
;
Muñoz J.
Objectives: Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are used to produce predictions of potential Leguminosae diversity in West Central Africa. Those predictions are evaluated subsequently using expert opinion. The established methodology of combining all SDMs is refined to assess species diversity within five defined vegetation types. Potential species diversity is thus predicted for each vegetation type respectively. The primary aim of the new methodology is to define, in more detail, areas of species richness for conservation planning. Methodology: Using Maxent, SDMs based on a suite of 14 environmental predictors were generated for 185 West Central African Leguminosae species, each categorised according to one of five vegetation types: Afromontane, coastal, non-flooded forest, open formations, or riverine forest. The relative contribution of each environmental variable was compared between different vegetation types using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis followed by a post-hoc Kruskal-Wallis Paired Comparison contrast. Legume species diversity patterns were explored initially using the typical method of stacking all SDMs. Subsequently, five different ensemble models were generated by partitioning SDMs according to vegetation category. Ecological modelers worked with legume specialists to improve data integrity and integrate expert opinion in the interpretation of individual species models and potential species richness predictions for different vegetation types. Results/Conclusions: Of the 14 environmental predictors used, five showed no difference in their relative contribution to the different vegetation models. Of the nine discriminating variables, the majority were related to temperature variation. The set of variables that played a major role in the Afromontane species diversity model differed significantly from the sets of variables of greatest relative important in other vegetation categories. The traditional approach of stacking all SDMs indicated overall centers of diversity in the region but the maps indicating potential species richness by vegetation type offered more detailed information on which conservation efforts can be focused. © 2012 de la Estrella et al.
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Phylogeny of haplolepideous mosses - Challenges and perspectives
(2012)
Stech M.
;
McDaniel S.F.
;
Hernández-Maqueda R.
;
Ros R.M.
;
Quandt D.
The haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) form the second largest group of mosses and are morphologically and ecologically highly diverse. This review summarizes the current state and addresses the most urgent remaining problems in unravelling systematic relationships in the haplolepideous mosses. The main results of early molecular phylogenetic reconstructions based on few chloroplast markers are compared with recent approaches based on markers from different genomes as well as with a new phylogeny based on a novel combination of non-coding plastid markers (rps4-trnF region and atpB-rbcL spacer). According to the available molecular data, three major groups are provisionally distinguished within Dicranidae. The first group comprises morphologically diverse species from different families (Bryoxiphiaceae, Catoscopiaceae, Distichiaceae, Ditrichaceae p.p., Drummondiaceae, Pottiaceae p.p., Rhabdoweisiaceae p.p., and Scouleriaceae p.p.), which form grades branching off first in the phylogenetic reconstructions. The second group, which appears as a grade or unsupported clade, includes Grimmiales, Leucobryaceae, Archidiaceae, Eustichiaceae, and Saelania glaucescens (Ditrichaceae). The third group comprises the largest portion of the haplolepideous mosses, namely most families of Dicranales as well as the most speciose Pottiales; the respective clades receive significant statistical support in part of the analyses. The position of Amphidium in between the second and third group remains ambiguous. It is concluded that further phylogenetic analyses based on new combinations of markers are necessary at different taxonomic levels, especially to resolve the backbone of the Dicranidae phylogeny, but also to tackle large and taxonomically complex genera that are severely understudied. Implications of the molecular phylogenetic reconstructions for morphological character evolution are exemplarily discussed for the different types of haplolepideous peristomes. Furthermore, genetic and genomic research using haplolepideous taxa is briefly reviewed. © British Bryological Society 2012.
Scopus© Citations 46 27
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Use of ring recoveries to predict habitat suitability in small passerines
(2012)
Tellería J.L.
;
Santos T.
;
Refoyo P.
;
Muñoz J.
Aim Abundance of small passerines may be distributed over large wintering areas according to geographical patterns that are difficult to detect. This may prevent the identification and conservation of the most suitable sectors, or the detection of local and regional features affecting the species during winter. In this paper, we explore the usefulness of ring recoveries to predict bird distribution in wintering grounds by using Maxent, one of the presence-only techniques available for modelling species distributions. We test whether suitability indices obtained in 2.5×2.5km UTM squares from ring recoveries were positively correlated with the actual abundance of robins (Erithacus rubecula) and blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) inside the squares. Location Spain. Methods We used 686 and 1139 localities across the country in which blackcap and robin ring recoveries were recorded by the Spanish Office of Migratory Species to generate the suitability maps. In addition, we sampled bird abundance inside 70 control squares independent of ring recovery localities along a belt crossing mountains, highlands and lowlands of the Iberian Peninsula during January from 2006 to 2011. Results Suitability indices predicted by Maxent were positively correlated with robin (r=0.42, n=70, P<0.001) and blackcap (r=0.52, n=70, P<0.001) abundances in the 70 control squares along the belt crossing the Iberian Peninsula. Main conclusions These results suggest that the use of distribution models with ring recoveries may be used to describe the habitat suitability of the winter ranges of small, common passerines. This also means that the huge number of ring recoveries stored in national and transnational data banks could be used to explore the factors shaping bird ranges and to forecast the geographical distribution of suitable wintering areas of migratory birds in large, poorly known regions. This may be useful in biogeography and conservation. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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Do Marmorkrebs, Procambarus fallax f. virginalis, threaten freshwater Japanese ecosystems?
(2012)
Faulkes Z.
;
Feria T.P.
;
Muñoz J.
Background: One marbled crayfish, Marmorkrebs, Procambarus fallax f. virginalis (Hagen, 1870), was discovered in a natural ecosystem in Japan in 2006. Because Marmorkrebs are parthenogenetic, they could establish a population from only a single individual, and thus pose a risk for becoming established in Japan, as they have in other countries. There are two major reasons to be concerned about the possibility of Marmorkrebs establishing viable populations in Japan. First, Japan's only endemic crayfish, Cambaroides japonicus (De Haan, 1841), lives throughout Hokkaido and is endangered. Introduced Marmorkrebs are potential competitors that could further threaten C. japonicus. Second, Marmorkrebs live in rice paddies in Madagascar and consume rice. Marmorkrebs populations could reduce rice yields in Japan.Results: We created five models in MaxEnt of the potential distribution of Marmorkrebs in Japan. All models showed eastern Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu contain suitable habitats for Marmorkrebs. Hokkaido, the main habitat for C. japonicus, contained much less suitable habitat in most models, but is where the only Marmorkrebs in Japan to date was found.Conclusions: Marmorkrebs appear to be capable of establishing populations in Japan if introduced. They appear to pose minimal threat to C. japonicus, but may negatively affect rice production. © 2012 Faulkes et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Scopus© Citations 15 15
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Common but new: Bartramia rosamrosiae, a "new" widespread species of apple mosses (Bartramiales, Bryophytina) from the Mediterranean and western North America
(2012)
Damayanti L.
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Muñoz J.
;
Wicke S.
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Symmank L.
;
Shaw B.
Recent phylogenetic analyses challenged the traditional generic concept of the Bartramiaceae (apple mosses), especially with regard to the largest genus Bartramia. Although molecular analyses revealed the three Bartramia sections (Bartramia, Strictidium and Vaginella) to be monophyletic, they appeared in different parts of the inferred phylogenies and thus rendered the genus itself polyphyletic. In addition, Anacolia laevisphaera, a tropical montane species, appeared in the section Strictidium, weakening its character as a typical Mediterranean element. Although morphologically similar to members of the section, such as B. stricta, A. laevisphaera has been generally treated within the genus Anacolia based on sporophytic characters. In fact, Anacolia laevisphaera is often confused with B. stricta in sterile condition. A thorough analysis revealed another surprise, in placing A. laevisphaera sister to the Southern South American samples of Bartramia stricta, while the Mediterranean populations of "B. stricta" cluster with the Australian B. breutelii. Subsequent morphometric studies revealed three morpho-species in accordance with the polyphyletically resolved B. stricta. Here we describe the new species Bartramia rosamrosiae to accommodate the Mediterranean and western North American populations of what was traditionally treated as B. stricta. © 2012 Magnolia Press.
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Molecular Species Delimitation in the Racomitrium canescens Complex (Grimmiaceae) and Implications for DNA Barcoding of Species Complexes in Mosses
(2013)
Stech M.
;
Veldman S.
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Larraín J.
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Muñoz J.
;
Quandt D.
In bryophytes a morphological species concept is still most commonly employed, but delimitation of closely related species based on morphological characters is often difficult. Here we test morphological species circumscriptions in a species complex of the moss genus Racomitrium, the R. canescens complex, based on variable DNA sequence markers from the plastid (rps4-trnT-trnL region) and nuclear (nrITS) genomes. The extensive morphological variability within the complex has led to different opinions about the number of species and intraspecific taxa to be distinguished. Molecular phylogenetic reconstructions allowed to clearly distinguish all eight currently recognised species of the complex plus a ninth species that was inferred to belong to the complex in earlier molecular analyses. The taxonomic significance of intraspecific sequence variation is discussed. The present molecular data do not support the division of the R. canescens complex into two groups of species (subsections or sections). Most morphological characters, albeit being in part difficult to apply, are reliable for species identification in the R. canescens complex. However, misidentification of collections that were morphologically intermediate between species questioned the suitability of leaf shape as diagnostic character. Four partitions of the molecular markers (rps4-trnT, trnT-trnL, ITS1, ITS2) that could potentially be used for molecular species identification (DNA barcoding) performed almost equally well concerning amplification and sequencing success. Of these, ITS1 provided the highest species discrimination capacity and should be considered as a DNA barcoding marker for mosses, especially in complexes of closely related species. Molecular species identification should be complemented by redefining morphological characters, to develop a set of easy-to-use molecular and non-molecular identification tools for improving biodiversity assessments and ecological research including mosses. © 2013 Stech et al.
Scopus© Citations 36 8
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A new spin on a compositionalist predictive modelling framework for conservation planning: A tropical case study in Ecuador
(2013)
Mateo R.G.
;
de la Estrella M.
;
Felicísimo Á.M.
;
Muñoz J.
;
Guisan A.
Knowledge about spatial biodiversity patterns is a basic criterion for reserve network design. Although herbarium collections hold large quantities of information, the data are often scattered and cannot supply complete spatial coverage. Alternatively, herbarium data can be used to fit species distribution models and their predictions can be used to provide complete spatial coverage and derive species richness maps. Here, we build on previous effort to propose an improved compositionalist framework for using species distribution models to better inform conservation management. We illustrate the approach with models fitted with six different methods and combined using an ensemble approach for 408 plant species in a tropical and megadiverse country (Ecuador). As a complementary view to the traditional richness hotspots methodology, consisting of a simple stacking of species distribution maps, the compositionalist modelling approach used here combines separate predictions for different pools of species to identify areas of alternative suitability for conservation. Our results show that the compositionalist approach better captures the established protected areas than the traditional richness hotspots strategies and allows the identification of areas in Ecuador that would optimally complement the current protection network. Further studies should aim at refining the approach with more groups and additional species information. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
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Modeling Species Distributions from Heterogeneous Data for the Biogeographic Regionalization of the European Bryophyte Flora
(2013)
Mateo R.G.
;
Vanderpoorten A.
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Muñoz J.
;
Laenen B.
;
Désamoré A.
The definition of biogeographic regions provides a fundamental framework for a range of basic and applied questions in biogeography, evolutionary biology, systematics and conservation. Previous research suggested that environmental forcing results in highly congruent regionalization patterns across taxa, but that the size and number of regions depends on the dispersal ability of the taxa considered. We produced a biogeographic regionalization of European bryophytes and hypothesized that (1) regions defined for bryophytes would differ from those defined for other taxa due to the highly specific eco-physiology of the group and (2) their high dispersal ability would result in the resolution of few, large regions. Species distributions were recorded using 10,000 km2 MGRS pixels. Because of the lack of data across large portions of the area, species distribution models employing macroclimatic variables as predictors were used to determine the potential composition of empty pixels. K-means clustering analyses of the pixels based on their potential species composition were employed to define biogeographic regions. The optimal number of regions was determined by v-fold cross-validation and Moran's I statistic. The spatial congruence of the regions identified from their potential bryophyte assemblages with large-scale vegetation patterns is at odds with our primary hypothesis. This reinforces the notion that post-glacial migration patterns might have been much more similar in bryophytes and vascular plants than previously thought. The substantially lower optimal number of clusters and the absence of nested patterns within the main biogeographic regions, as compared to identical analyses in vascular plants, support our second hypothesis. The modelling approach implemented here is, however, based on many assumptions that are discussed but can only be tested when additional data on species distributions become available, highlighting the substantial importance of developing integrated mapping projects for all taxa in key biogeographically areas of Europe, and the Mediterranean peninsulas in particular. © 2013 Mateo et al.
Scopus© Citations 49 9
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Grimmia ulaandamana (Grimmiaceae), a New Moss Species from China
(2013)
Feng C.
;
Muñoz J.
;
Kou J.
;
Bai X.-L.
A new species of Grimmia (Grimmiaceae), G. ulaandamana J. Munoz, C. Feng, X.L. Bai & J. Kou, from several localities in China, is described and illustrated. It is distinguished from all congeners in having 2-4(5)-stratose and V-shaped lamina, semi-terete to terete costa consisting of almost homogeneous cells and with four guide cells at mid-leaf, and a long plication in lower part on one or both sides of the leaf. © 2013 Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board.
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